Drug Interaction Checker http://www.druginteractionchecker.com Wed, 20 Nov 2024 23:01:51 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.1 Nitrous Oxide 99.2 % Gas for Inhalation http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/nitrous-oxide-99-2-gas-for-inhalation/ http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/nitrous-oxide-99-2-gas-for-inhalation/#respond Wed, 20 Nov 2024 23:01:51 +0000 http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/nitrous-oxide-99-2-gas-for-inhalation/ Generic Name: NITROUS OXIDE
Brand Name: Nitrous Oxide
  • Substance Name(s):
  • NITROUS OXIDE
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levothyroxine sodium 137 MCG Oral Tablet http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/levothyroxine-sodium-137-mcg-oral-tablet/ http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/levothyroxine-sodium-137-mcg-oral-tablet/#respond Wed, 20 Nov 2024 01:53:44 +0000 http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/levothyroxine-sodium-137-mcg-oral-tablet/ Continue reading "levothyroxine sodium 137 MCG Oral Tablet"]]> Generic Name: LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM
Brand Name: Unithroid
  • Substance Name(s):
  • LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM

DRUG INTERACTIONS

7 See full prescribing information for drugs that affect thyroid hormone pharmacokinetics and metabolism (e.g., absorption, synthesis, secretion, catabolism, protein binding, and target tissue response) and may alter the therapeutic response to UNITHROID ( 7 ) 7.1 Drugs Known to Affect Thyroid Hormone Pharmacokinetics Many drugs can exert effects on thyroid hormone pharmacokinetics (e.g.

absorption, synthesis, secretion, catabolism, protein binding, and target tissue response) and may alter the therapeutic response to UNITHROID (see Tables 2 – 5).

Table 2: Drugs That May Decrease T4 Absorption (Hypothyroidism) Potential impact: Concurrent use may reduce the efficacy of UNITHROID by binding and delaying or preventing absorption, potentially resulting in hypothyroidism.

Drug or Drug Class Effect Calcium Carbonate Ferrous Sulfate Calcium carbonate may form an insoluble chelate with levothyroxine, and ferrous sulfate likely forms a ferric-thyroxine complex.

Administer UNITHROID at least 4 hours apart from these agents.

Orlistat Monitor patients treated concomitantly with orlistat and UNITHROID for changes in thyroid function.

Bile Acid Sequestrants -Colesevelam -Cholestyramine -Colestipol Ion Exchange Resins -Kayexalate -Sevelamer Bile acid sequestrants and ion exchange resins are known to decrease levothyroxine absorption.

Administer UNITHROID at least 4 hours prior to these drugs or monitor thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Other drugs: Proton Pump Inhibitors Sucralfate Antacids – Aluminum & Magnesium Hydroxides – Simethicone Gastric acidity is an essential requirement for adequate absorption of levothyroxine.

Sucralfate, antacids and proton pump inhibitors may cause hypochlorhydria, affect intragastric pH, and reduce levothyroxine absorption.

Monitor patients appropriately.

Table 3: Drugs That May Alter T and Triiodothyronine (T3) Serum Transport Without Affecting Free Thyroxine (FT4) Concentration (Euthyroidism) Drug or Drug Class Effect Clofibrate Estrogen-containing oral contraceptives Estrogens (oral) Heroin / Methadone 5-Fluorouracil Mitotane Tamoxifen These drugs may increase serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) concentration.

Androgens / Anabolic Steroids Asparaginase Glucocorticoids Slow-Release Nicotinic Acid These drugs may decrease serum TBG concentration.

Potential impact (below) : Administration of these agents with UNITHROID results in an initial transient increase in FT4.

Continued administration results in a decrease in serum T4 and normal FT4 and TSH concentrations.

Salicylates (>2 g/day) Salicylates inhibit binding of T4 and T3 to TBG and transthyretin.

An initial increase in serum FT4 is followed by return of FT4 to normal levels with sustained therapeutic serum salicylate concentrations, although total T4 levels may decrease by as much as 30%.

Other drugs: Carbamazepine Furosemide (>80 mg IV) Heparin Hydantoins Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs – Fenamates These drugs may cause protein-binding site displacement.

Furosemide has been shown to inhibit the protein binding of T4 to TBG and albumin, causing an increased free-T4 fraction in serum.

Furosemide competes for T4-binding sites on TBG, prealbumin, and albumin, so that a single high dose can acutely lower the total T4 level.

Phenytoin and carbamazepine reduce serum protein binding of levothyroxine, and total and FT4 may be reduced by 20% to 40%, but most patients have normal serum TSH levels and are clinically euthyroid.

Closely monitor thyroid hormone parameters.

Table 4: Drugs That May Alter Hepatic Metabolism of T4 (Hypothyroidism) Potential impact: Stimulation of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity may cause increased hepatic degradation of levothyroxine, resulting in increased UNITHROID requirements.

Drug or Drug Class Effect Phenobarbital Rifampin Phenobarbital has been shown to reduce the response to thyroxine.

Phenobarbital increases L-thyroxine metabolism by inducing uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and leads to a lower T4 serum levels.

Changes in thyroid status may occur if barbiturates are added or withdrawn from patients being treated for hypothyroidism.

Rifampin has been shown to accelerate the metabolism of levothyroxine.

Table 5: Drugs That May Decrease Conversion of T4 to T3 Potential impact: Administration of these enzyme inhibitors decreases the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, leading to decreased T3 levels.

However, serum T4 levels are usually normal but may occasionally be slightly increased.

Drug or Drug Class Effect Beta-adrenergic antagonists (e.g., Propranolol >160 mg/day) In patients treated with large doses of propranolol (>160 mg/day), T3 and T4 levels change slightly, TSH levels remain normal, and patients are clinically euthyroid.

It should be noted that actions of particular beta-adrenergic antagonists may be impaired when the hypothyroid patient is converted to the euthyroid state.

Glucocorticoids (e.g., Dexamethasone ≥4 mg/day) Short-term administration of large doses of glucocorticoids may decrease serum T3 concentrations by 30% with minimal change in serum T4 levels.

However, long-term glucocorticoid therapy may result in slightly decreased T3 and T4 levels due to decreased TBG production (See above).

Other: Amiodarone Amiodarone inhibits peripheral conversion of levothyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and may cause isolated biochemical changes (increase in serum free-T4, and decreased or normal free-T3) in clinically euthyroid patients.

7.2 Antidiabetic Therapy Addition of UNITHROID therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus may worsen glycemic control and result in increased antidiabetic agent or insulin requirements.

Carefully monitor glycemic control, especially when UNITHROID is started, changed, or discontinued [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.5 )] .

7.3 Oral Anticoagulants UNITHROID increases the response to oral anticoagulant therapy.

Therefore, a decrease in the dose of anticoagulant may be warranted with correction of the hypothyroid state or when the UNITHROID dose is increased.

Closely monitor coagulation tests to permit appropriate and timely dosage adjustments.

7.4 Digitalis Glycosides UNITHROID may reduce the therapeutic effects of digitalis glycosides.

Serum digitalis glycoside levels may be decreased when a hypothyroid patient becomes euthyroid, necessitating an increase in the dose of digitalis glycosides.

7.5 Antidepressant Therapy Concurrent use of tricyclic (e.g., amitriptyline) or tetracyclic (e.g., maprotiline) antidepressants and UNITHROID may increase the therapeutic and toxic effects of both drugs, possibly due to increased receptor sensitivity to catecholamines.

Toxic effects may include increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and central nervous system stimulation.

UNITHROID may accelerate the onset of action of tricyclics.

Administration of sertraline in patients stabilized on UNITHROID may result in increased UNITHROID requirements.

7.6 Ketamine Concurrent use of ketamine and UNITHROID may produce marked hypertension and tachycardia.

Closely monitor blood pressure and heart rate in these patients.

7.7 Sympathomimetics Concurrent use of sympathomimetics and UNITHROID may increase the effects of sympathomimetics or thyroid hormone.

Thyroid hormones may increase the risk of coronary insufficiency when sympathomimetic agents are administered to patients with coronary artery disease.

7.8 Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors Concurrent use of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors such as imatinib may cause hypothyroidism.

Closely monitor TSH levels in such patients.

7.9 Drug-Food Interactions Consumption of certain foods may affect UNITHROID absorption thereby necessitating adjustments in dosing [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] .

Soybean flour (infant formula), cotton seed meal, walnuts, and dietary fiber may bind and decrease the absorption of UNITHROID from the GI tract.

Grapefruit juice may delay the absorption of levothyroxine and reduce its bioavailability.

7.10 Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions Consider changes in TBG concentration when interpreting T4 and T3 values.

Measure and evaluate unbound (free) hormone and/or determine the free T4 index (FT4I) in this circumstance.

Pregnancy, infectious hepatitis, estrogens, estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, and acute intermittent porphyria increase TBG concentrations.

Nephrosis, severe hypoproteinemia, severe liver disease, acromegaly, androgens and corticosteroids decrease TBG concentration.

Familial hyper- or hypo-thyroxine binding globulinemias have been described, with the incidence of TBG deficiency approximating 1 in 9000.

OVERDOSAGE

10 The signs and symptoms of overdosage are those of hyperthyroidism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ) and Adverse Reactions ( 6 )] .

In addition, confusion and disorientation may occur.

Cerebral embolism, shock, coma, and death have been reported.

Seizures occurred in a 3-year-old child ingesting 3.6 mg of levothyroxine.

Symptoms may not necessarily be evident or may not appear until several days after ingestion of levothyroxine sodium.

Reduce the UNITHROID dose or temporarily discontinued if signs or symptoms of overdosage occur.

Initiate appropriate supportive treatment as dictated by the patient’s medical status.

For current information on the management of poisoning or overdosage, contact the National Poison Control Center at 1‑800-222-1222 or www.poison.org.

DESCRIPTION

11 UNITHROID contains the active ingredient, levothyroxine, a synthetic crystalline levothyroxine (T4) in sodium salt form.

It is chemically designated as L-3,3’,5,5’-tetraiodothyronine monosodium hydrate.

Synthetic T4 is identical in chemical structure to the T4 produced in the human thyroid gland.

Levothyroxine sodium has an empirical formula of C 15 H 10 I 4 N NaO 4 • H 2 O, molecular weight of 798.85 g/mol (anhydrous), and structural formula as shown: UNITHROID tablets for oral administration are supplied in the following strengths: 25 mcg, 50 mcg, 75 mcg, 88 mcg, 100 mcg, 112 mcg, 125 mcg, 137 mcg, 150 mcg, 175 mcg, 200 mcg and 300 mcg.

Inactive Ingredients Acacia, colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium starch glycolate.

The following are the coloring additives per tablet strength: Strength (mcg) Color additive(s) 25 FD&C Yellow No.

6 Aluminum Lake 50 None 75 FD&C Red No.

40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue No.

2 Aluminum Lake 88 D&C Yellow No.

10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow No.

6 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue No.

1 Aluminum Lake 100 D&C Yellow No.

10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow No.

6 Aluminum Lake 112 D&C Red No.

27 Aluminum Lake 125 FD&C Yellow No.

6 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red No.

40 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue No.

1 Aluminum Lake 137 FD&C Blue No.

1 Aluminum Lake 150 FD&C Blue No.

2 Aluminum Lake 175 FD&C Blue No.

1 Aluminum Lake, D&C Red No.

27 Aluminum Lake 200 FD&C Red No.

40 Aluminum Lake 300 D&C Yellow No.

10 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Yellow No.

6 Aluminum Lake, FD&C Blue No.

1 Aluminum Lake UNITHROID_structural_formula

HOW SUPPLIED

16 /STORAGE AND HANDLING UNITHROID (levothyroxine sodium) tablets are round and color-coded available as follows: Strength (mcg) Color Tablet Markings NDC – bottles of 100 25 Peach JSP / 513 NDC 60846-801-01 50 White JSP / 514 NDC 60846-802-01 75 Purple JSP / 515 NDC 60846-803-01 88 Olive JSP / 561 NDC 60846-804-01 100 Yellow JSP / 516 NDC 60846-805-01 112 Rose JSP / 562 NDC 60846-806-01 125 Tan JSP / 519 NDC 60846-807-01 137 Blue JSP / 564 NDC 60846-808-01 150 Light Blue JSP / 520 NDC 60846-809-01 175 Lilac JSP / 563 NDC 60846-810-01 200 Pink JSP / 522 NDC 60846-811-01 300 Green JSP / 523 NDC 60846-812-01 STORAGE CONDITIONS Store between 20°C-25°C (68°F-77°F) with excursions permitted between 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F).

GERIATRIC USE

8.5 Geriatric Use Because of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the elderly, initiate UNITHROID at less than the full replacement dose [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 ) and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .

Atrial arrhythmias can occur in elderly patients.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common of the arrhythmias observed with levothyroxine overtreatment in the elderly.

DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

3 UNITHROID tablets are round and color-coded available as follows: Strength (mcg) Color Tablet Markings 25 Peach JSP / 513 50 White JSP / 514 75 Purple JSP / 515 88 Olive JSP / 561 100 Yellow JSP / 516 112 Rose JSP / 562 125 Tan JSP / 519 137 Blue JSP / 564 150 Light Blue JSP / 520 175 Lilac JSP / 563 200 Pink JSP / 522 300 Green JSP / 523 Tablets: 25 mcg, 50 mcg, 75 mcg, 88 mcg, 100 mcg, 112 mcg, 125 mcg, 137 mcg, 150 mcg, 175 mcg, 200mcg, 300 mcg ( 3 )

MECHANISM OF ACTION

12.1 Mechanism of Action Thyroid hormones exert their physiologic actions through control of DNA transcription and protein synthesis.

Triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) diffuse into the cell nucleus and bind to thyroid receptor proteins attached to DNA.

This hormone nuclear receptor complex activates gene transcription and synthesis of messenger RNA and cytoplasmic proteins.

The physiological actions of thyroid hormones are produced predominantly by T3, the majority of which (approximately 80%) is derived from T4 by deiodination in peripheral tissues.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1 Hypothyroidism UNITHROID is indicated in pediatric and adult patients as a replacement therapy in primary (thyroidal), secondary (pituitary), and tertiary (hypothalamic) congenital or acquired hypothyroidism.

Pituitary Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, TSH) Suppression UNITHROID is indicated in pediatric and adult patients as an adjunct to surgery and radioiodine therapy in the management of thyrotropin-dependent well-differentiated thyroid cancer.

Limitations of Use: UNITHROID is not indicated for suppression of benign thyroid nodules and nontoxic diffuse goiter in iodine-sufficient patients as there are no clinical benefits and overtreatment with UNITHROID may induce hyperthyroidism [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] .

UNITHROID is not indicated for treatment of hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis.

UNITHROID is L-thyroxine (T4) indicated in pediatric and adult patients for: Hypothyroidism: As replacement in primary (thyroidal), secondary (pituitary), and tertiary (hypothalamic) congenital or acquired hypothyroidism.

( 1 ) Pituitary Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, TSH) Suppression: As an adjunct to surgery and radioiodine therapy in the management of thyrotropin-dependent well-differentiated thyroid cancer.

( 1 ) Limitations of Use: Not indicated for suppression of benign thyroid nodules and nontoxic diffuse goiter in iodine-sufficient patients.

( 1 ) Not indicated for treatment of hypothyroidism during the recovery phase of subacute thyroiditis.

( 1 )

PEDIATRIC USE

8.4 Pediatric Use The initial dose of UNITHROID varies with age and body weight.

Dosing adjustments are based on an assessment of the individual patient’s clinical and laboratory parameters [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 , 2.4 )] .

In children in whom a diagnosis of permanent hypothyroidism has not been established, discontinue UNITHROID for a trial period, but only after the child is at least 3 years of age.

Obtain serum T4 and TSH levels at the end of the trial period, and use laboratory test results and clinical assessments to guide diagnosis and treatment, if warranted.

Congenital Hypothyroidism [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 , 2.4 )] Rapid restoration of normal serum T4 concentrations is essential for preventing the adverse effects of congenital hypothyroidism on intellectual development as well as on overall physical growth and maturation.

Therefore, initiate UNITHROID therapy immediately upon diagnosis.

Levothyroxine is generally continued for life in these patients.

Closely monitor infants during the first 2 weeks of UNITHROID therapy for cardiac overload, arrhythmias, and aspiration from avid suckling.

Closely monitor patients to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment.

Undertreatment may have deleterious effects on intellectual development and linear growth.

Overtreatment is associated with craniosynostosis in infants, may adversely affect the tempo of brain maturation, and may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature.

Acquired Hypothyroidism in Pediatric Patients Closely monitor patients to avoid undertreatment and overtreatment.

Undertreatment may result in poor school performance due to impaired concentration and slowed mentation and in reduced adult height.

Overtreatment may accelerate the bone age and result in premature epiphyseal closure and compromised adult stature.

Treated children may manifest a period of catch-up growth, which may be adequate in some cases to normalize adult height.

In children with severe or prolonged hypothyroidism, catch-up growth may not be adequate to normalize adult height.

PREGNANCY

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Experience with levothyroxine use in pregnant women, including data from post-marketing studies, have not reported increased rates of major birth defects or miscarriages (see Data) .

There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated hypothyroidism in pregnancy.

Since thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels may increase during pregnancy, TSH should be monitored and UNITHROID dosage adjusted during pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations) .

There are no animal studies conducted with levothyroxine during pregnancy.

UNITHROID should not be discontinued during pregnancy and hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy should be promptly treated.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown.

In the U.S.

general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with a higher rate of complications, including spontaneous abortion, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, stillbirth, and premature delivery.

Untreated maternal hypothyroidism may have an adverse effect on fetal neurocognitive development.

Dose Adjustments During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period Pregnancy may increase UNITHROID requirements.

Serum TSH level should be monitored and the UNITHROID dosage adjusted during pregnancy.

Since postpartum TSH levels are similar to preconception values, the UNITHROID dosage should return to the pre-pregnancy dose immediately after delivery [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 )] .

Data Human Data Levothyroxine is approved for use as a replacement therapy for hypothyroidism.

There is a long experience of levothyroxine use in pregnant women, including data from post-marketing studies that have not reported increased rates of fetal malformations, miscarriages or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes associated with levothyroxine use in pregnant women.

BOXED WARNING

WARNING: NOT FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY OR FOR WEIGHT LOSS Thyroid hormones, including UNITHROID, either alone or with other therapeutic agents, should not be used for the treatment of obesity or for weight loss.

In euthyroid patients, doses within the range of daily hormonal requirements are ineffective for weight reduction.

Larger doses may produce serious or even life threatening manifestations of toxicity, particularly when given in association with sympathomimetic amines such as those used for their anorectic effects [see Adverse Reactions ( 6 ), Drug Interactions ( 7.7 ), and Overdosage ( 10 )] .

WARNING: NOT FOR TREATMENT OF OBESITY OR FOR WEIGHT LOSS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.

Thyroid hormones, including UNITHROID, should not be used for the treatment of obesity or for weight loss.

Doses beyond the range of daily hormonal requirements may produce serious or even life threatening manifestations of toxicity ( 6 , 10 ).

WARNING AND CAUTIONS

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Cardiac adverse reactions in the elderly and in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease: Initiate UNITHROID at less than the full replacement dose because of the increased risk of cardiac adverse reactions, including atrial fibrillation ( 2.3 , 5.1 , 8.5 ) Myxedema coma: Do not use oral thyroid hormone drug products to treat myxedema coma.

( 5.2 ) Acute adrenal crisis in patients with concomitant adrenal insufficiency: Treat with replacement glucocorticoids prior to initiation of UNITHROID treatment ( 5.3 ) Prevention of hyperthyroidism or incomplete treatment of hypothyroidism: Proper dose titration and careful monitoring is critical to prevent the persistence of hypothyroidism or the development of hyperthyroidism.

( 5.4 ) Worsening of diabetic control: Therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus may worsen glycemic control and result in increased antidiabetic agent or insulin requirements.

Carefully monitor glycemic control after starting, changing, or discontinuing thyroid hormone therapy ( 5.5 ) Decreased bone mineral density associated with thyroid hormone over-replacement: Over-replacement can increase bone resorption and decrease bone mineral density.

Give the lowest effective dose ( 5.6 ) 5.1 Cardiac Adverse Reactions in the Elderly and in Patients with Underlying Cardiovascular Disease Overtreatment with levothyroxine may cause an increase in heart rate, cardiac wall thickness, and cardiac contractility and may precipitate angina or arrhythmias, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disease and in elderly patients.

Initiate UNITHROID therapy in this population at lower doses than those recommended in younger individuals or in patients without cardiac disease [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.5 )] .

Monitor for cardiac arrhythmias during surgical procedures in patients with coronary artery disease receiving suppressive UNITHROID therapy.

Monitor patients receiving concomitant UNITHROID and sympathomimetic agents for signs and symptoms of coronary insufficiency.

If cardiovascular symptoms develop or worsen, reduce or withhold the UNITHROID dose for one week and restart at a lower dose.

5.2 Myxedema Coma Myxedema coma is a life-threatening emergency characterized by poor circulation and hypometabolism, and may result in unpredictable absorption of levothyroxine sodium from the gastrointestinal tract.

Use of oral thyroid hormone drug products is not recommended to treat myxedema coma.

Administer thyroid hormone products formulated for intravenous administration to treat myxedema coma.

5.3 Acute Adrenal Crisis in Patients with Concomitant Adrenal Insufficiency Thyroid hormone increases metabolic clearance of glucocorticoids.

Initiation of thyroid hormone therapy prior to initiating glucocorticoid therapy may precipitate an acute adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency.

Treat patients with adrenal insufficiency with replacement glucocorticoids prior to initiating treatment with UNITHROID [see Contraindications (4) ] .

5.4 Prevention of Hyperthyroidism or Incomplete Treatment of Hypothyroidism UNITHROID has a narrow therapeutic index.

Over- or under-treatment with UNITHROID may have negative effects on growth and development, cardiovascular function, bone metabolism, reproductive function, cognitive function, emotional state, gastrointestinal function, and on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Titrate the dose of UNITHROID carefully and monitor response to titration to avoid these effects [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 )] .

Monitor for the presence of drug or food interactions when using UNITHROID and adjust the dose as necessary [see Drug Interactions ( 7 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

5.5 Worsening of Diabetic Control Addition of levothyroxine therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus may worsen glycemic control and result in increased antidiabetic agent or insulin requirements.

Carefully monitor glycemic control after starting, changing, or discontinuing UNITHROID [see Drug Interactions ( 7.2 )] .

5.6 Decreased Bone Mineral Density Associated with Thyroid Hormone Over-Replacement Increased bone resorption and decreased bone mineral density may occur as a result of levothyroxine over-replacement, particularly in post-menopausal women.

The increased bone resorption may be associated with increased serum levels and urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorous, elevations in bone alkaline phosphatase, and suppressed serum parathyroid hormone levels.

Administer the minimum dose of UNITHROID that achieves the desired clinical and biochemical response to mitigate against this risk.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Dosing and Administration Instruct patients to take UNITHROID only as directed by their healthcare provider.

Instruct patients to take UNITHROID as a single dose, preferably on an empty stomach, one-half to one hour before breakfast with a full glass of water to avoid choking or gagging.

Inform patients that agents such as iron and calcium supplements and antacids can decrease the absorption of levothyroxine.

Instruct patients not to take UNITHROID tablets within 4 hours of these agents.

Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider should they become pregnant or breastfeeding or are thinking of becoming pregnant, while taking UNITHROID.

Important Information Inform patients that it may take several weeks before they notice an improvement in symptoms.

Inform patients that the levothyroxine in UNITHROID is intended to replace a hormone that is normally produced by the thyroid gland.

Generally, replacement therapy is to be taken for life.

Inform patients that UNITHROID should not be used as a primary or adjunctive therapy in a weight control program.

Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider if they are taking any other medications, including prescription and over‑the-counter preparations.

Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider of any other medical conditions you may have, particularly heart disease, diabetes, clotting disorders, and adrenal or pituitary gland problems as the dose of medications used to control these other conditions may need to be adjusted while taking UNITHROID.

If they have diabetes, instruct patients to monitor their blood and/or urinary glucose levels as directed by their physician and immediately report any changes to their physician.

If patients are taking anticoagulants, their clotting status should be checked frequently.

Instruct patients to notify their physician or dentist if they are taking UNITHROID prior to any surgery.

Adverse Reactions Instruct patients to notify their healthcare provider if they experience any of the following symptoms: rapid or irregular heartbeat, chest pain, shortness of breath, leg cramps, headache, nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness, tremors, change in appetite, weight gain or loss, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, fever, changes in menstrual periods, hives or skin rash, or any other unusual medical event Inform patients that partial hair loss may occur rarely during the first few months of UNITHROID therapy; this is usually temporary.

Manufactured by: Jerome Stevens Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Bohemia, NY 11716 Distributed by: Amneal Specialty, a division of Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC Bridgewater, NJ 08807 Revised: 06/2019

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2 Administer once daily, on an empty stomach, one-half to one hour before breakfast with a full glass of water.

( 2.1 ) Administer at least 4 hours before or after drugs that are known to interfere with absorption ( 2.1 ) Evaluate the need for dose adjustments when regularly administering within one hour of certain foods that may affect absorption.

( 2.1 ) Starting dose depends on a variety of factors, including age, body weight, cardiovascular status, concomitant medical conditions (including pregnancy), concomitant medications, co-administered food, and the specific nature of the condition being treated.

Peak therapeutic effect may not be attained for 4 to 6 weeks.

( 2.2 ) See full prescribing information for dosing in specific patient populations.

( 2.3 ) Adequacy of therapy determined with periodic monitoring of TSH and/or T4 as well as clinical status.

( 2.4 ) 2.1 General Administration Information Administer UNITHROID tablets orally as a single daily dose, on an empty stomach, one-half to one hour before breakfast.

Administer UNITHROID at least 4 hours before or after drugs that are known to interfere with UNITHROID absorption [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] .

Evaluate the need for dose adjustments when regularly administering within one hour of certain foods that may affect UNITHROID absorption [see Drug Interactions ( 7.9 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

Administer UNITHROID to infants and children who cannot swallow intact tablets by crushing the tablet, suspending the freshly crushed tablet in a small amount (5 mL to 10 mL or 1 teaspoon to 2 teaspoons) of water and immediately administering the suspension by spoon or dropper.

Do not store the suspension.

Do not administer in foods that decrease absorption of UNITHROID, such as soybean-based infant formula [see Drug Interactions ( 7.9 )] .

2.2 General Principles of Dosing The dose of UNITHROID for hypothyroidism or pituitary TSH suppression depends on a variety of factors including: the patient’s age, body weight, cardiovascular status, concomitant medical conditions (including pregnancy), concomitant medications, co-administered food and the specific nature of the condition being treated [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5 ), Drug Interactions ( 7 )] .

Dosing must be individualized to account for these factors and dose adjustments made based on periodic assessment of the patient’s clinical response and laboratory parameters [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 )] .

The peak therapeutic effect of a given dose of UNITHROID may not be attained for 4 to 6 weeks.

2.3 Dosing in Specific Populations Primary Hypothyroidism in Adults and in Adolescents in Whom Growth and Puberty Are Complete Start UNITHROID at the full replacement dose in otherwise healthy, non-elderly individuals who have been hypothyroid for only a short time (such as a few months).

The average full replacement dose of UNITHROID is approximately 1.6 mcg per kg per day (for example: 100 mcg per day to 125 mcg per day for a 70 kg adult).

Adjust the dose by 12.5 mcg to 25 mcg increments every 4 to 6 weeks until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the serum TSH returns to normal.

Doses greater than 200 mcg per day are seldom required.

An inadequate response to daily doses of greater than 300 mcg per day is rare and may indicate poor compliance, malabsorption, drug interactions, or a combination of these factors.

For elderly patients or patients with underlying cardiac disease, start with a dose of 12.5 mcg to 25 mcg per day.

Increase the dose every 6 to 8 weeks, as needed until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the serum TSH returns to normal.

The full replacement dose of UNITHROID may be less than 1 mcg per kg per day in elderly patients.

In patients with severe longstanding hypothyroidism, start with a dose of 12.5 mcg to 25 mcg per day.

Adjust the dose in 12.5 mcg to 25 mcg increments every 2 to 4 weeks until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the serum TSH level is normalized.

Secondary or Tertiary Hypothyroidism Start UNITHROID at the full replacement dose in otherwise healthy, non-elderly individuals.

Start with a lower dose in elderly patients, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease or patients with severe longstanding hypothyroidism as described above.

Serum TSH is not a reliable measure of UNITHROID dose adequacy in patients with secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism and should not be used to monitor therapy.

Use the serum free-T4 level to monitor adequacy of therapy in this patient population.

Titrate UNITHROID dosing per above instructions until the patient is clinically euthyroid and the serum free-T4 level is restored to the upper half of the normal range.

Pediatric Dosage – Congenital or Acquired Hypothyroidism The recommended daily dose of UNITHROID in pediatric patients with hypothyroidism is based on body weight and changes with age as described in Table 1.

Start UNITHROID at the full daily dose in most pediatric patients.

Start at a lower starting dose in newborns (0 to 3 months) at risk for cardiac failure and in children at risk for hyperactivity (see below).

Monitor for clinical and laboratory response [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 )] .

Table 1: UNITHROID Dosing Guidelines for Pediatric Hypothyroidism Age Daily Dose Per Kg Body Weight a 0 to 3 months 10 mcg/kg daily to 15 mcg/kg daily 3 to 6 months 8 mcg/kg daily to 10 mcg/kg daily 6 to 12 months 6 mcg/kg daily to 8 mcg/kg daily 1 to 5 years 5 mcg/kg to 6 mcg/kg daily 6 to 12 years 4 mcg/kg to 5 mcg/kg daily Greater than 12 years but growth and puberty incomplete 2 mcg/kg to 3 mcg/kg daily Growth and puberty complete 1.6 mcg/kg daily a – The dose should be adjusted based on clinical response and laboratory parameters [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 ), Drug Interactions ( 7.10 ), and Use In Specific Populations ( 8.4 )] .

Newborns (0 to 3 months) at Risk for Cardiac Failure: Consider a lower starting dose in newborns at risk for cardiac failure.

Increase the dose every 4 to 6 weeks as needed based on clinical and laboratory response.

Pediatric Patients at Risk for Hyperactivity: To minimize the risk of hyperactivity in pediatric patients, start at one-fourth the recommended full replacement dose, and increase on a weekly basis by one-fourth the full recommended replacement dose until the full recommended replacement dose is reached.

Pregnancy Pre-existing Hypothyroidism: UNITHROID dose requirements may increase during pregnancy.

Measure serum TSH and free-T4 as soon as pregnancy is confirmed and, at minimum, during each trimester of pregnancy.

In patients with primary hypothyroidism, maintain serum TSH in the trimester-specific reference range.

For patients with serum TSH above the normal trimester-specific range, increase the dose of UNITHROID by 12.5 mcg daily to 25 mcg daily and measure TSH every 4 weeks until a stable UNITHROID dose is reached and serum TSH is within the normal trimester-specific range.

Reduce UNITHROID dosage to pre-pregnancy levels immediately after delivery and measure serum TSH levels 4 to 8 weeks postpartum to ensure UNITHROID dose is appropriate.

New Onset Hypothyroidism: Normalize thyroid function as rapidly as possible.

In patients with moderate to severe signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, start UNITHROID at the full replacement dose (1.6 mcg per kg body weight per day).

In patients with mild hypothyroidism (TSH less than 10 mIU per liter) start UNITHROID at 1 mcg per kg body weight per day.

Evaluate serum TSH every 4 weeks and adjust UNITHROID dosage until a serum TSH is within the normal trimester specific range [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] .

TSH Suppression in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer The dose of UNITHROID should target TSH levels within the desired therapeutic range.

This may require a UNITHROID dose of greater than 2 mcg per kg per day, depending on the target level for TSH suppression.

2.4 Monitoring TSH and/or Thyroxine (T4) Levels Assess the adequacy of therapy by periodic assessment of laboratory tests and clinical evaluation.

Persistent clinical and laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism despite an apparent adequate replacement dose of UNITHROID may be evidence of inadequate absorption, poor compliance, drug interactions, or a combination of these factors.

Adults In adult patients with primary hypothyroidism, monitor serum TSH levels after an interval of 6 to 8 weeks after any change in dose.

In patients on a stable and appropriate replacement dose, evaluate clinical and biochemical response every 6 to 12 months and whenever there is a change in the patient’s clinical status.

Pediatrics In patients with congenital hypothyroidism, assess the adequacy of replacement therapy by measuring both serum TSH and total or free-T.

Monitor TSH and total or free-T4 in children as follows: 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of treatment, 2 weeks after any change in dosage, and then every 3 to 12 months thereafter following dose stabilization until growth is completed.

Poor compliance or abnormal values may necessitate more frequent monitoring.

Perform routine clinical examination, including assessment of development, mental and physical growth, and bone maturation, at regular intervals.

While the general aim of therapy is to normalize the serum TSH level, TSH may not normalize in some patients due to in utero hypothyroidism causing a resetting of pituitary-thyroid feedback.

Failure of the serum T4 to increase into the upper half of the normal range within 2 weeks of initiation of UNITHROID therapy and/or of the serum TSH to decrease below 20 mIU per liter within 4 weeks may indicate the child is not receiving adequate therapy.

Assess compliance, dose of medication administered, and method of administration prior to increasing the dose of UNITHROID [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )] )].

Secondary and Tertiary Hypothyroidism Monitor serum free-T4 levels and maintain in the upper half of the normal range in these patients.

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DRUG INTERACTIONS

7 CYP2B6 inducers: Dose increase may be necessary if coadministered with CYP2B6 inducers (e.g., ritonavir, lopinavir, efavirenz, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin) based on clinical response, but should not exceed the maximum recommended dose.

( 7.1 ) Drugs metabolized by CYP2D6: Bupropion inhibits CYP2D6 and can increase concentrations of: antidepressants (e.g., venlafaxine, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline), antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, risperidone, thioridazine), beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol), and Type 1C antiarrhythmics (e.g., propafenone, flecainide).

Consider dose reduction when using with bupropion.

( 7.2 ) Digoxin: May decrease plasma digoxin levels.

Monitor digoxin levels.

( 7.2 ) Drugs that lower seizure threshold: Dose bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) with caution.

( 5.3 , 7.3 ) Dopaminergic drugs (levodopa and amantadine): CNS toxicity can occur when used concomitantly with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR).

( 7.4 ) MAOIs: Increased risk of hypertensive reactions can occur when used concomitantly with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR).

( 7.6 ) Drug-laboratory test interactions: Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) can cause false- positive urine test results for amphetamines.

( 7.7 ) 7.1 Potential for Other Drugs to Affect Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets (SR) Bupropion is primarily metabolized to hydroxybupropion by CYP2B6.

Therefore, the potential exists for drug interactions between bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and drugs that are inhibitors or inducers of CYP2B6.

Inhibitors of CYP2B6: Ticlopidine and Clopidogrel: Concomitant treatment with these drugs can increase bupropion exposure but decrease hydroxybupropion exposure.

Based on clinical response, dosage adjustment of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may be necessary when coadministered with CYP2B6 inhibitors (e.g., ticlopidine or clopidogrel) [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

Inducers of CYP2B6: Ritonavir, Lopinavir, and Efavirenz : Concomitant treatment with these drugs can decrease bupropion and hydroxybupropion exposure.

Dosage increase of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may be necessary when coadministered with ritonavir, lopinavir, or efavirenz [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] but should not exceed the maximum recommended dose.

Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin: While not systematically studied, these drugs may induce the metabolism of bupropion and may decrease bupropion exposure [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

If bupropion is used concomitantly with a CYP inducer, it may be necessary to increase the dose of bupropion, but the maximum recommended dose should not be exceeded.

7.2 Potential for Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets (SR) to Affect Other Drugs Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6: Bupropion and its metabolites (erythrohydrobupropion, threohydrobupropion, hydroxybupropion) are CYP2D6 inhibitors.

Therefore, coadministration of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6 can increase the exposures of drugs that are substrates of CYP2D6.

Such drugs include certain antidepressants (e.g., venlafaxine, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline), antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, risperidone, thioridazine), beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol), and Type 1C antiarrhythmics (e.g., propafenone and flecainide).

When used concomitantly with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR), it may be necessary to decrease the dose of these CYP2D6 substrates, particularly for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index.

Drugs that require metabolic activation by CYP2D6 to be effective (e.g., tamoxifen) theoretically could have reduced efficacy when administered concomitantly with inhibitors of CYP2D6 such as bupropion.

Patients treated concomitantly with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and such drugs may require increased doses of the drug [ see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

Digoxin Coadministration of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) with digoxin may decrease plasma digoxin levels.

Monitor plasma digoxin levels in patients treated concomitantly with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and digoxin [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

7.3 Drugs that Lower Seizure Threshold Use extreme caution when coadministering bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) with other drugs that lower seizure threshold (e.g., other bupropion products, antipsychotics, antidepressants, theophylline, or systemic corticosteroids).

Use low initial doses and increase the dose gradually [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] .

7.4 Dopaminergic Drugs (Levodopa and Amantadine) Bupropion, levodopa, and amantadine have dopamine agonist effects.

CNS toxicity has been reported when bupropion was coadministered with levodopa or amantadine.

Adverse reactions have included restlessness, agitation, tremor, ataxia, gait disturbance, vertigo, and dizziness.

It is presumed that the toxicity results from cumulative dopamine agonist effects.

Use caution when administering bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) concomitantly with these drugs.

7.5 Use with Alcohol In postmarketing experience, there have been rare reports of adverse neuropsychiatric events or reduced alcohol tolerance in patients who were drinking alcohol during treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR).

The consumption of alcohol during treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) should be minimized or avoided.

7.6 MAO Inhibitors Bupropion inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Concomitant use of MAOIs and bupropion is contraindicated because there is an increased risk of hypertensive reactions if bupropion is used concomitantly with MAOIs.

Studies in animals demonstrate that the acute toxicity of bupropion is enhanced by the MAO inhibitor phenelzine.

At least 14 days should elapse between discontinuation of an MAOI intended to treat depression and initiation of treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR).

Conversely, at least 14 days should be allowed after stopping bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) before starting an MAOI antidepressant [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.4 , 2.5 ), Contraindications ( 4 )] .

7.7 Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions False-positive urine immunoassay screening tests for amphetamines have been reported in patients taking bupropion.

This is due to lack of specificity of some screening tests.

False-positive test results may result even following discontinuation of bupropion therapy.

Confirmatory tests, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, will distinguish bupropion from amphetamines.

OVERDOSAGE

10 10.1 Human Overdose Experience Overdoses of up to 30 grams or more of bupropion have been reported.

Seizure was reported in approximately one-third of all cases.

Other serious reactions reported with overdoses of bupropion alone included hallucinations, loss of consciousness, mental status changes, sinus tachycardia, ECG changes such as conduction disturbances (including QRS prolongation) or arrhythmias, clonus, myoclonus, and hyperreflexia.

Fever, muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, hypotension, stupor, coma, and respiratory failure have been reported mainly when bupropion was part of multiple drug overdoses.

Although most patients recovered without sequelae, deaths associated with overdoses of bupropion alone have been reported in patients ingesting large doses of the drug.

Multiple uncontrolled seizures, bradycardia, cardiac failure, and cardiac arrest prior to death were reported in these patients.

10.2 Overdosage Management Consult a Certified Poison Control Center for up-to-date guidance and advice.

Telephone numbers for certified poison control centers are listed in the Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR).

Call 1-800-222-1222 or refer to www.poison.org.

There are no known antidotes for bupropion.

In case of an overdose, provide supportive care, including close medical supervision and monitoring.

Consider the possibility of multiple drug overdose.

Ensure an adequate airway, oxygenation, and ventilation.

Monitor cardiac rhythm and vital signs.

Induction of emesis is not recommended.

DESCRIPTION

11 Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets USP (SR), an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracyclic, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, or other known antidepressant agents.

Its structure closely resembles that of diethylpropion; it is related to phenylethylamines.

It is designated as (±)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(1,1­ dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanone hydrochloride.

The molecular weight is 276.2.

The molecular formula is C 13 H 18 ClNO•HCl.

Bupropion hydrochloride powder is white, crystalline, and highly soluble in water.

It has a bitter taste and produces the sensation of local anesthesia on the oral mucosa.

The structural formula is: Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets USP (SR) are supplied for oral administration as 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg white to off-white, film-coated, extended-release tablets.

Each tablet contains the labeled amount of bupropion hydrochloride, USP and the following inactive ingredients: hydroxypropyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, stearic acid, and magnesium stearate.

The film coating contains lactose monohydrate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, titanium dioxide, and polyethylene glycol.

USP Dissolution Test Pending.

structure.jpg

CLINICAL STUDIES

14 The efficacy of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion in the treatment of major depressive disorder was established in two 4-week, placebo-controlled trials in adult inpatients with MDD (Trials 1 and 2 in Table 6) and in one 6-week, placebo-controlled trial in adult outpatients with MDD (Trial 3 in Table 6).

In the first trial, the dose range of bupropion was 300 mg to 600 mg/day administered in divided doses; 78% of subjects were treated with doses of 300 mg to 450 mg/day.

This trial demonstrated the effectiveness of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) total score, the HDRS depressed mood item (Item 1), and the Clinical Global Impressions severity score (CGI-S).

The second trial included 2 doses of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion (300 and 450 mg/day) and placebo.

This trial demonstrated the effectiveness of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion, but only at the 450-mg/day dose.

The efficacy results were significant for the HDRS total score and the CGI-S score, but not for HDRS Item 1.

In the third trial, outpatients were treated with 300 mg/day of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion.

This trial demonstrated the efficacy of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion as measured by the HDRS total score, the HDRS Item 1, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the CGI-S score, and the CGI-Improvement Scale (CGI-I) score.

Table 6.

Efficacy of Immediate-Release Bupropion for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Trial Number Treatment Group Primary Efficacy Measure: HDRS Mean Baseline Score (SD) LS Mean Score at Endpoint Visit (SE) Placebo-subtracted Difference a (95% CI) Trial 1 Immediate-Release Bupropion 300 to 600 mg/day b (n=48) 28.5 (5.1) 14.9 (1.3) -4.7 (-8.8, -0.6) Placebo (n=27) 29.3 (7.0) 19.6 (1.6) — Mean Baseline Score (SD) LS Mean Change from Baseline (SE) Placebo-subtracted Difference a (95% CI) Trial 2 Immediate-Release Bupropion 300 mg/day (n=36) 32.4 (5.9) -15.5 (1.7) -4.1 Immediate-Release Bupropion 450 mg/day b (n=34) 34.8 (4.6) -17.4 (1.7) -5.9 (-10.5, -1.4) Placebo (n=39) 32.9 (5.4) -11.5 (1.6) — Trial 3 Immediate-Release Bupropion 300 mg/day b (n=110) 26.5 (4.3) -12.0 (NA) -3.9 (-5.7, -1.0) Placebo (n=106) 27.0 (3.5) -8.7 (NA) — n: sample size; SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; LS Mean: least-squares mean; CI: unadjusted confidence interval included for doses that were demonstrated to be effective; NA: not available.

a Difference (drug minus placebo) in least-squares estimates with respect to the primary efficacy parameter.

For Trial 1, it refers to the mean score at the endpoint visit; for Trials 2 and 3, it refers to the mean change from baseline to the endpoint visit.

b Doses that are demonstrated to be statistically significantly superior to placebo.

Although there are not as yet independent trials demonstrating the antidepressant effectiveness of the sustained-release formulation of bupropion, trials have demonstrated the bioequivalence of the immediate-release and sustained-release forms of bupropion under steady-state conditions, i.e., bupropion sustained-release 150 mg twice daily was shown to be bioequivalent to 100 mg 3 times daily of the immediate-release formulation of bupropion, with regard to both rate and extent of absorption, for parent drug and metabolites.

In a longer-term trial, outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder, recurrent type, who had responded during an 8-week open trial on bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) (150 mg twice daily) were randomized to continuation of their same dose of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) or placebo for up to 44 weeks of observation for relapse.

Response during the open phase was defined as CGI Improvement score of 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) for each of the final 3 weeks.

Relapse during the double-blind phase was defined as the investigator’s judgment that drug treatment was needed for worsening depressive symptoms.

Patients receiving continued treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) experienced significantly lower relapse rates over the subsequent 44 weeks compared with those receiving placebo.

HOW SUPPLIED

16 /STORAGE AND HANDLING Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets USP (SR), 100 mg of bupropion hydrochloride, USP are white to off-white, round, unscored, bi-convex, film-coated tablets debossed with “WPI” over “858” on one side in bottles of 60 tablets (NDC 60429-216-60), 100 tablets (NDC 60429-216-01) and 500 tablets (NDC 60429-216-05).

Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets USP (SR), 150 mg of bupropion hydrochloride, USP are white to off-white, round, unscored, bi-convex, film-coated tablets debossed with “WPI” over “839” on one side in bottles of 60 tablets (NDC 60429-217-60), 100 tablets (NDC 60429-217-01), 250 tablets (NDC 60429-217-25) and 500 tablets (NDC 60429-217-05).

Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets USP (SR), 200 mg of bupropion hydrochloride, USP are white to off-white, round, unscored, bi-convex, film-coated tablets debossed with “WPI” over “3385” on one side in bottles of 60 tablets (NDC 60429-218-60).

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

[See USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Protect from light and moisture.

GERIATRIC USE

8.5 Geriatric Use Of the approximately 6,000 subjects who participated in clinical trials with bupropion sustained-release tablets (depression and smoking cessation trials), 275 were aged ≥65 years and 47 were aged ≥75 years.

In addition, several hundred subjects aged ≥65 years participated in clinical trials using the immediate-release formulation of bupropion (depression trials).

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects.

Reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Bupropion is extensively metabolized in the liver to active metabolites, which are further metabolized and excreted by the kidneys.

The risk of adverse reactions may be greater in patients with impaired renal function.

Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, it may be necessary to consider this factor in dose selection; it may be useful to monitor renal function [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 ), Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )].

DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

3 100 mg – white to off-white, round, unscored, bi-convex, film-coated tablets debossed with “WPI” over “858” on one side.

150 mg – white to off-white, round, unscored, bi-convex, film-coated tablets debossed with “WPI” over ” 839” on one side.

200 mg – white to off-white, round, unscored, bi-convex, film-coated tablets debossed with “WPI” over “3385” on one side.

Tablets: 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg.

( 3 )

MECHANISM OF ACTION

12.1 Mechanism of Action The exact mechanism of the antidepressant action of bupropion is not known but is presumed to be related to noradrenergic and/or dopaminergic mechanisms.

Bupropion is a relatively weak inhibitor of the neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine and does not inhibit the reuptake of serotonin.

Bupropion does not inhibit monoamine oxidase.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1 Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM ) .

The efficacy of bupropion in the treatment of a major depressive episode was established in two 4-week controlled inpatient trials and one 6-week controlled outpatient trial of adult subjects with MDD [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] .

The efficacy of bupropion in maintaining an antidepressant response for up to 44 weeks following 8 weeks of acute treatment was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled trial [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )] .

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are an aminoketone antidepressant, indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

( 1 )

PEDIATRIC USE

8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population have not been established [see Boxed Warning , Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .

PREGNANCY

8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is an independent pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to any antidepressants during pregnancy.

Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the National Pregnancy Registry for Antidepressants at 1-844-405-6185 or visiting online at https://womensmentalhealth.org/clinical-and-research-programs/pregnancyregistry/antidepressants .

Risk Summary Data from epidemiological studies of pregnant women exposed to bupropion in the first trimester have not identified an increased risk of congenital malformations overall (see Data) .

There are risks to the mother associated with untreated depression in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations) .

When bupropion was administered to pregnant rats during organogenesis, there was no evidence of fetal malformations at doses up to approximately 11 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 400 mg/day.

When given to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis, non-dose–related increases in incidence of fetal malformations, and skeletal variations were observed at doses approximately equal to the MRHD and greater.

Decreased fetal weights were seen at doses twice the MRHD and greater (see Animal Data) .

The estimated background risk for major birth defects and miscarriage is unknown for the indicated population.

All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes.

In the U.S.

general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and of miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk : A prospective, longitudinal study followed 201 pregnant women with a history of major depressive disorder who were euthymic and taking antidepressants during pregnancy at the beginning of pregnancy.

The women who discontinued antidepressants during pregnancy were more likely to experience a relapse of major depression than women who continued antidepressants.

Consider the risks to the mother of untreated depression and potential effects on the fetus when discontinuing or changing treatment with antidepressant medications during pregnancy and postpartum.

Data Human Data: Data from the international bupropion Pregnancy Registry (675 first trimester exposures) and a retrospective cohort study using the United Healthcare database (1,213 first trimester exposures) did not show an increased risk for malformations overall.

The Registry was not designed or powered to evaluate specific defects but suggested a possible increase in cardiac malformations.

No increased risk for cardiovascular malformations overall has been observed after bupropion exposure during the first trimester.

The prospectively observed rate of cardiovascular malformations in pregnancies with exposure to bupropion in the first trimester from the international Pregnancy Registry was 1.3% (9 cardiovascular malformations/675 first trimester maternal bupropion exposures), which is similar to the background rate of cardiovascular malformations (approximately 1%).

Data from the United Healthcare database, which had a limited number of exposed cases with cardiovascular malformations, and a case-control study (6,853 infants with cardiovascular malformations and 5,763 with non-cardiovascular malformations) of self-reported bupropion use from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) did not show an increased risk for cardiovascular malformations overall after bupropion exposure during the first trimester.

Study findings on bupropion exposure during the first trimester and risk for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) are inconsistent and do not allow conclusions regarding a possible association.

The United Healthcare database lacked sufficient power to evaluate this association; the NBDPS found increased risk for LVOTO (n = 10; adjusted OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 5.7), and the Slone Epidemiology case control study did not find increased risk for LVOTO.

Study findings on bupropion exposure during the first trimester and risk for ventricular septal defect (VSD) are inconsistent and do not allow conclusions regarding a possible association.

The Slone Epidemiology Study found an increased risk for VSD following first trimester maternal bupropion exposure (n = 17; adjusted OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.0) but did not find increased risk for any other cardiovascular malformations studied (including LVOTO as above).

The NBDPS and United Healthcare database study did not find an association between first trimester maternal bupropion exposure and VSD.

For the findings of LVOTO and VSD, the studies were limited by the small number of exposed cases, inconsistent findings among studies, and the potential for chance findings from multiple comparisons in case control studies.

Animal Data: In studies conducted in pregnant rats and rabbits, bupropion was administered orally during the period of organogenesis at doses of up to 450 and 150 mg/kg/day, respectively (approximately 11 and 7 times the MRHD, respectively, on a mg/m 2 basis).

There was no evidence of fetal malformations in rats.

When given to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis, non-dose–related increases in incidence of fetal malformations and skeletal variations were observed at the lowest dose tested (25 mg/kg/day, approximately equal to the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) and greater.

Decreased fetal weights were observed at doses of 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 2 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis) and greater.

No maternal toxicity was evident at doses of 50 mg/kg/day or less.

In a pre-and postnatal development study, bupropion administered orally to pregnant rats at doses of up to 150 mg/kg/day (approximately 4 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) from embryonic implantation through lactation had no effect on pup growth or development.

NUSRING MOTHERS

8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Data from published literature report the presence of bupropion and its metabolites in human milk (see Data) .

There are no data on the effects of bupropion or its metabolites on milk production.

Limited data from postmarketing reports have not identified a clear association of adverse reactions in the breastfed infant.

The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) or from the underlying maternal condition.

Data In a lactation study of 10 women, levels of orally dosed bupropion and its active metabolites were measured in expressed milk.

The average daily infant exposure (assuming 150 mL/kg daily consumption) to bupropion and its active metabolites was 2% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose.

Postmarketing reports have described seizures in breastfed infants.

The relationship of bupropion exposure and these seizures is unclear.

BOXED WARNING

WARNING: SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS S UICIDALITY AND ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term trials.

These trials did not show an increase in the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior with antidepressant use in subjects over age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressant use in subjects aged 65 and older [ see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .

In patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy, monitor closely for worsening, and for emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Advise families and caregivers of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )].

WARNING: SUICIDAL THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.

Increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults taking antidepressants.

( 5.1 ) Monitor for worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

( 5.1 )

WARNING AND CAUTIONS

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Neuropsychiatric adverse events during smoking cessation: Postmarketing reports of serious or clinically significant neuropsychiatric adverse events have included changes in mood (including depression and mania), psychosis, hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, homicidal ideation, aggression, hostility, agitation, anxiety, and panic, as well as suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide.

Observe patients attempting to quit smoking with bupropion for the occurrence of such symptoms and instruct them to discontinue bupropion and contact a healthcare provider if they experience such adverse events.

( 5.2 ) Seizure risk: The risk is dose-related.

Can minimize risk by gradually increasing the dose and limiting daily dose to 400 mg.

Discontinue if seizure occurs.

( 4 , 5.3 , 7.3 ) Hypertension: Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) can increase blood pressure.

Monitor blood pressure before initiating treatment and periodically during treatment.

( 5.4 ) Activation of mania/hypomania: Screen patients for bipolar disorder and monitor for these symptoms.

( 5.5 ) Psychosis and other neuropsychiatric reactions: Instruct patients to contact a healthcare professional if such reactions occur.

( 5.6 ) Angle-closure glaucoma: Angle-closure glaucoma has occurred in patients with untreated anatomically narrow angles treated with antidepressants.

( 5.7 ) 5.1 Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Patients with MDD, both adult and pediatric, may experience worsening of their depression and/or the emergence of suicidal ideation and behavior (suicidality) or unusual changes in behavior, whether or not they are taking antidepressant medications, and this risk may persist until significant remission occurs.

Suicide is a known risk of depression and certain other psychiatric disorders, and these disorders themselves are the strongest predictors of suicide.

There has been a long-standing concern that antidepressants may have a role in inducing worsening of depression and the emergence of suicidality in certain patients during the early phases of treatment.

Pooled analyses of short-term placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant drugs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] and others) show that these drugs increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 18 to 24) with MDD and other psychiatric disorders.

Short-term clinical trials did not show an increase in the risk of suicidality with antidepressants compared with placebo in adults beyond age 24; there was a reduction with antidepressants compared with placebo in adults aged 65 and older.

The pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials in children and adolescents with MDD, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or other psychiatric disorders included a total of 24 short‑term trials of 9 antidepressant drugs in over 4,400 subjects.

The pooled analyses of placebo‑controlled trials in adults with MDD or other psychiatric disorders included a total of 295 short‑term trials (median duration of 2 months) of 11 antidepressant drugs in over 77,000 subjects.

There was considerable variation in risk of suicidality among drugs, but a tendency toward an increase in the younger subjects for almost all drugs studied.

There were differences in absolute risk of suicidality across the different indications, with the highest incidence in MDD.

The risk differences (drug vs.

placebo), however, were relatively stable within age strata and across indications.

These risk differences (drug-placebo difference in the number of cases of suicidality per 1,000 subjects treated) are provided in Table 1.

Table 1.

Risk Differences in the Number of Suicidality Cases by Age Group in the Pooled Placebo-Controlled Trials of Antidepressants in Pediatric and Adult Subjects Age Range Drug-Placebo Difference in Number of Cases of Suicidality per 1,000 Subjects Treated Increases Compared with Placebo <18 14 additional cases 18 to 24 5 additional cases Decreases Compared with Placebo 25 to 64 1 fewer case ≥65 6 fewer cases No suicides occurred in any of the pediatric trials.

There were suicides in the adult trials, but the number was not sufficient to reach any conclusion about drug effect on suicide.

It is unknown whether the suicidality risk extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond several months.

However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance trials in adults with depression that the use of antidepressants can delay the recurrence of depression.

All patients being treated with antidepressants for any indication should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, and unusual changes in behavior, especially during the initial few months of a course of drug therapy, or at times of dose changes, either increases or decreases [see Boxed Warning ] .

The following symptoms, anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), hypomania, and mania, have been reported in adult and pediatric patients being treated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder as well as for other indications, both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric.

Although a causal link between the emergence of such symptoms and either the worsening of depression and/or the emergence of suicidal impulses has not been established, there is concern that such symptoms may represent precursors to emerging suicidality.

Consideration should be given to changing the therapeutic regimen, including possibly discontinuing the medication, in patients whose depression is persistently worse, or who are experiencing emergent suicidality or symptoms that might be precursors to worsening depression or suicidality, especially if these symptoms are severe, abrupt in onset, or were not part of the patient’s presenting symptoms.

F a m ilies and caregivers of patients being treated with antidepressants for MDD or other indications, both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric, should be alerted about the need to monitor patients for the emergence of agitation, irritability, unusual changes in behavior, and the other symptoms described above, as well as the emergence of suicidality, and to report such symptoms immediately to healthcare providers.

Such monitoring should include daily observation by families and caregivers.

Prescriptions for bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) should be written for the smallest quantity of tablets consistent with good patient management, in order to reduce the risk of overdose.

5.2 Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events and Suicide Risk in Smoking Cessation Treatment Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are not approved for smoking cessation treatment; however, it contains the same active ingredient as the smoking cessation medication ZYBAN.

Serious neuropsychiatric adverse events have been reported in patients taking bupropion for smoking cessation.

These postmarketing reports have included changes in mood (including depression and mania), psychosis, hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, homicidal ideation, aggression, hostility, agitation, anxiety, and panic, as well as suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] .

Some patients who stopped smoking may have been experiencing symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, including depressed mood.

Depression, rarely including suicidal ideation, has been reported in smokers undergoing a smoking cessation attempt without medication.

However, some of these adverse events occurred in patients taking bupropion who continued to smoke.

Neuropsychiatric adverse events occurred in patients without and with pre-existing psychiatric disease; some patients experienced worsening of their psychiatric illnesses.

Observe patients for the occurrence of neuropsychiatric adverse events.

Advise patients and caregivers that the patient should stop taking bupropion and contact a healthcare provider immediately if agitation, depressed mood, or changes in behavior or thinking that are not typical for the patient are observed, or if the patient develops suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior.

In many postmarketing cases, resolution of symptoms after discontinuation of bupropion was reported.

However, the symptoms persisted in some cases; therefore, ongoing monitoring and supportive care should be provided until symptoms resolve.

5.3 Seizure Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) can cause seizure.

The risk of seizure is dose-related.

The dose should not exceed 400 mg/day.

Increase the dose gradually.

Discontinue bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and do not restart treatment if the patient experiences a seizure.

The risk of seizures is also related to patient factors, clinical situations, and concomitant medications that lower the seizure threshold.

Consider these risks before initiating treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR).

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are contraindicated in patients with a seizure disorder, current or prior diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or undergoing abrupt discontinuation of alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and antiepileptic drugs [ see Contraindications ( 4 ), Drug Interactions ( 7.3 )] .

The following conditions can also increase the risk of seizure: severe head injury; arteriovenous malformation; CNS tumor or CNS infection; severe stroke; concomitant use of other medications that lower the seizure threshold (e.g., other bupropion products, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, theophylline, and systemic corticosteroids); metabolic disorders (e.g., hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, severe hepatic impairment, and hypoxia); use of illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine); or abuse or misuse of prescription drugs such as CNS stimulants.

Additional predisposing conditions include diabetes mellitus treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin; use of anorectic drugs; and excessive use of alcohol, benzodiazepines, sedative/hypnotics, or opiates.

Incidence of Seizure with Bupropion Use When bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are dosed up to 300 mg/day, the incidence of seizure is approximately 0.1% (1/1,000) and increases to approximately 0.4% (4/1,000) at the maximum recommended dose of 400 mg/day.

The risk of seizure can be reduced if the dose of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) does not exceed 400 mg/day, given as 200 mg twice daily, and the titration rate is gradual.

5.4 Hypertension Treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) can result in elevated blood pressure and hypertension.

Assess blood pressure before initiating treatment with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR), and monitor periodically during treatment.

The risk of hypertension is increased if bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are used concomitantly with MAOIs or other drugs that increase dopaminergic or noradrenergic activity [see Contraindications ( 4 )].

Data from a comparative trial of the sustained-release formulation of bupropion HCl, nicotine transdermal system (NTS), the combination of sustained-release bupropion plus NTS, and placebo as an aid to smoking cessation suggest a higher incidence of treatment-emergent hypertension in patients treated with the combination of sustained-release bupropion and NTS.

In this trial, 6.1% of subjects treated with the combination of sustained-release bupropion and NTS had treatment-emergent hypertension compared with 2.5%, 1.6%, and 3.1% of subjects treated with sustained-release bupropion, NTS, and placebo, respectively.

The majority of these subjects had evidence of pre-existing hypertension.

Three subjects (1.2%) treated with the combination of sustained-release bupropion and NTS and 1 subject (0.4%) treated with NTS had study medication discontinued due to hypertension compared with none of the subjects treated with sustained-release bupropion or placebo.

Monitoring of blood pressure is recommended in patients who receive the combination of bupropion and nicotine replacement.

In a clinical trial of bupropion immediate-release in MDD subjects with stable congestive heart failure (N = 36), bupropion was associated with an exacerbation of pre-existing hypertension in 2 subjects, leading to discontinuation of bupropion treatment.

There are no controlled trials assessing the safety of bupropion in patients with a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable cardiac disease.

5.5 Activation of Mania/Hypomania Antidepressant treatment can precipitate a manic, mixed, or hypomanic manic episode.

The risk appears to be increased in patients with bipolar disorder or who have risk factors for bipolar disorder.

Prior to initiating bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR), screen patients for a history of bipolar disorder and the presence of risk factors for bipolar disorder (e.g., family history of bipolar disorder, suicide, or depression).

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are not approved for use in treating bipolar depression.

5.6 Psychosis and Other Neuropsychiatric Reactions Depressed patients treated with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) have had a variety of neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, psychosis, concentration disturbance, paranoia, and confusion.

Some of these patients had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

In some cases, these symptoms abated upon dose reduction and/or withdrawal of treatment.

Instruct patients to contact a healthcare professional if such reactions occur.

5.7 Angle-Closure Glaucoma The pupillary dilation that occurs following use of many antidepressant drugs including bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may trigger an angle-closure attack in a patient with anatomically narrow angles who does not have a patent iridectomy.

5.8 Hypersensitivity Reactions Anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions have occurred during clinical trials with bupropion.

Reactions have been characterized by pruritus, urticaria, angioedema, and dyspnea requiring medical treatment.

In addition, there have been rare, spontaneous postmarketing reports of erythema multiforme, Stevens‑Johnson syndrome, and anaphylactic shock associated with bupropion.

Instruct patients to discontinue bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and consult a healthcare provider if they develop an allergic or anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reaction (e.g., skin rash, pruritus, hives, chest pain, edema, and shortness of breath) during treatment.

There are reports of arthralgia, myalgia, fever with rash, and other serum sickness-like symptoms suggestive of delayed hypersensitivity.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling ( Medication Guide ) .

Su icidal Thoughts and Behaviors Instruct patients, their families, and/or their caregivers to be alert to the emergence of anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), hypomania, mania, other unusual changes in behavior, worsening of depression, and suicidal ideation, especially early during antidepressant treatment and when the dose is adjusted up or down.

Advise families and caregivers of patients to observe for the emergence of such symptoms on a day-to-day basis, since changes may be abrupt.

Such symptoms should be reported to the patient’s prescriber or healthcare professional, especially if they are severe, abrupt in onset, or were not part of the patient’s presenting symptoms.

Symptoms such as these may be associated with an increased risk for suicidal thinking and behavior and indicate a need for very close monitoring and possibly changes in the medication.

Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events and Suicide Risk in Smoking Cessation Treatment Although bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) are not indicated for smoking cessation treatment, it contains the same active ingredient as ZYBAN which is approved for this use.

Inform patients that some patients have experienced changes in mood (including depression and mania), psychosis, hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, homicidal ideation, aggression, hostility, agitation, anxiety, and panic, as well as suicidal ideation and suicide when attempting to quit smoking while taking bupropion.

Instruct patients to discontinue bupropion and contact a healthcare professional if they experience such symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )] .

Se v e r e Allergic Reactions Educate patients on the symptoms of hypersensitivity and to discontinue bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) if they have a severe allergic reaction.

Se izure Instruct patients to discontinue and not restart bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) if they experience a seizure while on treatment.

Advise patients that the excessive use or abrupt discontinuation of alcohol, benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs, or sedatives/hypnotics can increase the risk of seizure.

Advise patients to minimize or avoid use of alcohol.

As the dose is increased during initial titration to doses above 150 mg/day, instruct patients to take bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) in 2 divided doses, preferably with at least 8 hours between successive doses, to minimize the risk of seizures.

A ngle-Closure Glaucoma Patients should be advised that taking bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) can cause mild pupillary dilation, which in susceptible individuals, can lead to an episode of angle-closure glaucoma.

Pre-existing glaucoma is almost always open-angle glaucoma because angle-closure glaucoma, when diagnosed, can be treated definitively with iridectomy.

Open-angle glaucoma is not a risk factor for angle-closure glaucoma.

Patients may wish to be examined to determine whether they are susceptible to angle closure, and have a prophylactic procedure (e.g., iridectomy), if they are susceptible [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 )] .

Bup ro p ion-Containing Products Educate patients that bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) contains the same active ingredient (bupropion hydrochloride) found in ZYBAN, which is used as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, and that bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) should not be used in combination with ZYBAN or any other medications that contain bupropion (such as WELLBUTRIN, the immediate-release formulation and WELLBUTRIN XL or FORFIVO XL, the extended-release formulations, and APLENZIN, the extended-release formulation of bupropion hydrobromide).

In addition, there are a number of generic bupropion HCl products for the immediate-, sustained-, and extended-release formulations.

Po tential for Cognitive and Motor Impairment Advise patients that any CNS-active drug like bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may impair their ability to perform tasks requiring judgment or motor and cognitive skills.

Advise patients that until they are reasonably certain that bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) do not adversely affect their performance, they should refrain from driving an automobile or operating complex, hazardous machinery.

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may lead to decreased alcohol tolerance.

Concomitant Medications Counsel patients to notify their healthcare provider if they are taking or plan to take any prescription or over-the-counter drugs because bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) and other drugs may affect each others’ metabolisms.

P r e g nan cy Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during therapy with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR).

Advise patients that there is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) during pregnancy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] .

S torage Information Instruct patients to store bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

[See USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP.

Ad m i n istration Information Instruct patients to swallow bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) whole so that the release rate is not altered.

Do not chew, divide, or crush tablets; they are designed to slowly release drug in the body.

When patients take more than 150 mg/day, instruct them to take bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) in 2 doses at least 8 hours apart, to minimize the risk of seizures.

Instruct patients if they miss a dose, not to take an extra tablet to make up for the missed dose and to take the next tablet at the regular time because of the dose-related risk of seizure.

Instruct patients that bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may have an odor.

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) can be taken with or without food.

WELLBUTRIN, WELLBUTRIN XL, and ZYBAN are registered trademarks of the GSK group of companies.

The following are registered trademarks of their respective manufacturers: Aplenzin/Sanofi-aventis US.LLC; Forfivo XL/Edgemont Pharmaceuticals LLC.

Manufactured by: Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc.

Fort Lauderdale, FL.

33314 USA Distributed by: Actavis Pharma, Inc.

Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA Rev.

B 11/2020 Marketed/Packaged by: GSMS, Inc.

Camarillo, CA USA 93012

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2 Starting dose: 150 mg/day ( 2.1 ) General: Increase dose gradually to reduce seizure risk.

( 2.1 , 5.3 ) After 3 days, may increase the dose to 300 mg/day, given as 150 mg twice daily at an interval of at least 8 hours.

( 2.1 ) Usual target dose: 300 mg/day as 150 mg twice daily.

( 2.1 ) Maximum dose: 400 mg/day, given as 200 mg twice daily, for patients not responding to 300 mg/day.

(2.1) Periodically reassess the dose and need for maintenance treatment.

( 2.1 ) Moderate to severe hepatic impairment: 100 mg daily or 150 mg every other day.

( 2.2 , 8.7 ) Mild hepatic impairment: Consider reducing the dose and/or frequency of dosing.

( 2.2 , 8.7 ) Renal impairment: Consider reducing the dose and/or frequency.

( 2.3 , 8.6 ) 2.1 General Instructions for Use To minimize the risk of seizure, increase the dose gradually [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] .

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) should be swallowed whole and not crushed, divided, or chewed.

Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may be taken with or without food.

The usual adult target dose for bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) is 300 mg/day, given as 150 mg twice daily.

Initiate dosing with 150 mg/day given as a single daily dose in the morning.

After 3 days of dosing, the dose may be increased to the 300-mg/day target dose, given as 150 mg twice daily.

There should be an interval of at least 8 hours between successive doses.

A maximum of 400 mg/day, given as 200 mg twice daily, may be considered for patients in whom no clinical improvement is noted after several weeks of treatment at 300 mg/day.

To avoid high peak concentrations of bupropion and/or its metabolites, do not exceed 200 mg in any single dose.

It is generally agreed that acute episodes of depression require several months or longer of antidepressant drug treatment beyond the response in the acute episode.

It is unknown whether the dose of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) needed for maintenance treatment is identical to the dose that provided an initial response.

Periodically reassess the need for maintenance treatment and the appropriate dose for such treatment.

2.2 Dose Adjustment in Patients with Hepatic Impairment In patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score: 7 to 15), the maximum dose of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) is 100 mg/day or 150 mg every other day.

In patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score: 5 to 6), consider reducing the dose and/or frequency of dosing [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.7 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )].

2.3 Dose Adjustment in Patients with Renal Impairment Consider reducing the dose and/or frequency of bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) in patients with renal impairment (Glomerular Filtration Rate less than 90 mL/min) [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 ), Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .

2.4 Switching a Patient to or from a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) Antidepressant At least 14 days should elapse between discontinuation of an MAOI intended to treat depression and initiation of therapy with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR).

Conversely, at least 14 days should be allowed after stopping bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) before starting an MAOI antidepressant [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Drug Interactions ( 7.6 )] .

2.5 Use of Bupropion Hydrochloride Extended-release Tablets (SR) with Reversible MAOIs Such as Linezolid or Methylene Blue Do not start bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) in a patient who is being treated with a reversible MAOI such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue.

Drug interactions can increase the risk of hypertensive reactions.

In a patient who requires more urgent treatment of a psychiatric condition, non-pharmacological interventions, including hospitalization, should be considered [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Drug Interactions ( 7.6 )] .

In some cases, a patient already receiving therapy with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may require urgent treatment with linezolid or intravenous methylene blue.

If acceptable alternatives to linezolid or intravenous methylene blue treatment are not available and the potential benefits of linezolid or intravenous methylene blue treatment are judged to outweigh the risks of hypertensive reactions in a particular patient, bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) should be stopped promptly, and linezolid or intravenous methylene blue can be administered.

The patient should be monitored for 2 weeks or until 24 hours after the last dose of linezolid or intravenous methylene blue, whichever comes first.

Therapy with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) may be resumed 24 hours after the last dose of linezolid or intravenous methylene blue.

The risk of administering methylene blue by non-intravenous routes (such as oral tablets or by local injection) or in intravenous doses much lower than 1 mg/kg with bupropion hydrochloride extended-release tablets (SR) is unclear.

The clinician should, nevertheless, be aware of the possibility of a drug interaction with such use [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Drug Interactions ( 7.6 )] .

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Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.5 MG/ML Nasal Spray http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/oxymetazoline-hydrochloride-0-5-mg-ml-nasal-spray/ http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/oxymetazoline-hydrochloride-0-5-mg-ml-nasal-spray/#respond Sat, 16 Nov 2024 02:11:49 +0000 http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/oxymetazoline-hydrochloride-0-5-mg-ml-nasal-spray/ Continue reading "Oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.5 MG/ML Nasal Spray"]]>

WARNINGS

Warnings Ask a doctor before use if you have • heart disease • thyroid disease • high blood pressure • diabetes • trouble urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland When using this product • do not use more than directed • do not use for more than 3 days.

Use only as directed.

Frequent or prolonged use may cause nasal congestion to recur or worsen.

• temporary discomfort such as burning, stinging, sneezing or an increase in nasal discharge may occur • use of this container by more than one person may spread infection Stop use and ask a doctor if symptoms persist If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use.

Keep out of reach of children.

If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Uses • temporarily relieves nasal congestion due to: • common cold • hay fever • upper respiratory allergies • shrinks swollen nasal membranes so you can breathe more freely

INACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Inactive ingredients benzalkonium chloride solution, benzyl alcohol, camphor, edetate disodium, eucalyptol, menthol, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, purified water, sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic

PURPOSE

Purpose Nasal decongestant

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

Keep out of reach of children.

If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.

ASK DOCTOR

Ask a doctor before use if you have • heart disease • thyroid disease • high blood pressure • diabetes • trouble urinating due to an enlarged prostate gland

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Directions • adults and children 6 to under 12 years of age (with adult supervision): 2 or 3 sprays in each nostril not more often than every 10 to 12 hours.

Do not exceed 2 doses in any 24-hour period.

• children under 6 years of age: ask a doctor To spray, squeeze bottle quickly and firmly.

Do not tilt head backward while spraying.

Wipe nozzle clean after use.

PREGNANCY AND BREAST FEEDING

If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use.

STOP USE

Stop use and ask a doctor if symptoms persist

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Active ingredient Oxymetazoline HCl 0.05%

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bortezomib 3.5 MG Injection http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/bortezomib-3-5-mg-injection/ http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/bortezomib-3-5-mg-injection/#respond Fri, 15 Nov 2024 18:24:49 +0000 http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/bortezomib-3-5-mg-injection/ Continue reading "bortezomib 3.5 MG Injection"]]> Generic Name: BORTEZOMIB
Brand Name: VELCADE
  • Substance Name(s):
  • BORTEZOMIB

DRUG INTERACTIONS

7 Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Closely monitor patients with concomitant use.

( 7.1 ) Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: Avoid concomitant use.

(7.3) 7.1 Effects of Other Drugs on VELCADE Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Coadministration with a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreases the exposure of bortezomib [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] which may decrease VELCADE efficacy.

Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Coadministration with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increases the exposure of bortezomib [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] which may increase the risk of VELCADE toxicities.

Monitor patients for signs of bortezomib toxicity and consider a bortezomib dose reduction if bortezomib must be given in combination with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.

7.2 Drugs Without Clinically Significant Interactions with VELCADE No clinically significant drug interactions have been observed when VELCADE was coadministered with dexamethasone, omeprazole, or melphalan in combination with prednisone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .

OVERDOSAGE

10 There is no known specific antidote for VELCADE overdosage.

In humans, fatal outcomes following the administration of more than twice the recommended therapeutic dose have been reported, which were associated with the acute onset of symptomatic hypotension (5.2) and thrombocytopenia (5.7).

In the event of an overdosage, the patient’s vital signs should be monitored and appropriate supportive care given.

Studies in monkeys and dogs showed that intravenous bortezomib doses as low as two times the recommended clinical dose on a mg/m 2 basis were associated with increases in heart rate, decreases in contractility, hypotension, and death.

In dog studies, a slight increase in the corrected QT interval was observed at doses resulting in death.

In monkeys, doses of 3.0 mg/m 2 and greater (approximately twice the recommended clinical dose) resulted in hypotension starting at one hour postadministration, with progression to death in 12 to 14 hours following drug administration.

DESCRIPTION

11 VELCADE ® for Injection, a proteasome inhibitor, contains bortezomib which is an antineoplastic agent.

Bortezomib is a modified dipeptidyl boronic acid.

The chemical name for bortezomib, the monomeric boronic acid, is [(1R)-3-methyl-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-[(pyrazinylcarbonyl) amino]propyl]amino]butyl] boronic acid.

Bortezomib has the following chemical structure: The molecular weight is 384.24.

The molecular formula is C 19 H 25 BN 4 O 4.

The solubility of bortezomib, as the monomeric boronic acid, in water is 3.3 to 3.8 mg/mL in a pH range of 2 to 6.5.

VELCADE is available for intravenous injection or subcutaneous use.

Each single-dose vial contains 3.5 mg of bortezomib as a sterile lyophilized powder.

It also contains the inactive ingredient: 35 mg mannitol, USP.

The product is provided as a mannitol boronic ester which, in reconstituted form, consists of the mannitol ester in equilibrium with its hydrolysis product, the monomeric boronic acid.

The drug substance exists in its cyclic anhydride form as a trimeric boroxine.

Chemical Structure

CLINICAL STUDIES

14 14.1 Multiple Myeloma Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Study in Patients with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma A prospective, international, randomized (1:1), open-label clinical study (NCT00111319) of 682 patients was conducted to determine whether VELCADE administered intravenously (1.3 mg/m 2 ) in combination with melphalan (9 mg/m 2 ) and prednisone (60 mg/m 2 ) resulted in improvement in time to progression (TTP) when compared to melphalan (9 mg/m 2 ) and prednisone (60 mg/m 2 ) in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma.

Treatment was administered for a maximum of nine cycles (approximately 54 weeks) and was discontinued early for disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Antiviral prophylaxis was recommended for patients on the VELCADE study arm.

The median age of the patients in the study was 71 years (48;91), 50% were male, 88% were Caucasian and the median Karnofsky performance status score for the patients was 80 (60;100).

Patients had IgG/IgA/Light chain myeloma in 63%/25%/8% instances, a median hemoglobin of 105 g/L (64;165), and a median platelet count of 221,500/microliter (33,000;587,000).

Efficacy results for the trial are presented in Table 14 .

At a prespecified interim analysis (with median follow-up of 16.3 months), the combination of VELCADE, melphalan and prednisone therapy resulted in significantly superior results for time to progression, progression-free survival, overall survival and response rate.

Further enrollment was halted, and patients receiving melphalan and prednisone were offered VELCADE in addition.

A later, prespecified analysis of overall survival (with median follow-up of 36.7 months with a hazard ratio of 0.65, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.84) resulted in a statistically significant survival benefit for the VELCADE, melphalan and prednisone treatment arm despite subsequent therapies including VELCADE based regimens.

In an updated analysis of overall survival based on 387 deaths (median follow-up 60.1 months), the median overall survival for the VELCADE, melphalan and prednisone treatment arm was 56.4 months and for the melphalan and prednisone treatment arm was 43.1 months, with a hazard ratio of 0.695 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.85).

Table 14: Summary of Efficacy Analyses in the Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma Study Efficacy Endpoint VELCADE, Melphalan and Prednisone (n=344) Melphalan and Prednisone (n=338) Note: All results are based on the analysis performed at a median follow-up duration of 16.3 months except for the overall survival analysis.

Time to Progression Events n (%) 101 (29) 152 (45) Median Kaplan-Meier estimate (months) (95% CI) 20.7 (17.6, 24.7) 15.0 (14.1, 17.9) Hazard ratio Hazard ratio estimate is based on a Cox proportional-hazard model adjusted for stratification factors: beta 2 -microglobulin, albumin, and region.

A hazard ratio less than one indicates an advantage for VELCADE, melphalan and prednisone (95% CI) 0.54 (0.42, 0.70) p-value p-value based on the stratified log-rank test adjusted for stratification factors: beta 2 -microglobulin, albumin, and region 0.000002 Progression-Free Survival Events n (%) 135 (39) 190 (56) Median (months) (95% CI) 18.3 (16.6, 21.7) 14.0 (11.1, 15.0) Hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.61 (0.49, 0.76) p-value 0.00001 Response Rate CR EBMT criteria n (%) 102 (30) 12 (4) PR n (%) 136 (40) 103 (30) nCR n (%) 5 (1) 0 CR + PR n (%) 238 (69) 115 (34) p-value p-value for Response Rate (CR + PR) from the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test adjusted for the stratification factors <10 -10 Overall Survival at Median Follow-Up of 36.7 Months Events (deaths) n (%) 109 (32) 148 (44) Median (months) (95% CI) Not Reached (46.2, NR) 43.1 (34.8, NR) Hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.65 (0.51, 0.84) p-value 0.00084 TTP was statistically significantly longer on the VELCADE, melphalan and prednisone arm (see Figure 1 ) .

(median follow-up 16.3 months) Figure 1: Time to Progression VELCADE, Melphalan and Prednisone vs Melphalan and Prednisone Overall survival was statistically significantly longer on the VELCADE, melphalan and prednisone arm (see Figure 2 ) .

(median follow-up 60.1 months) Figure 2: Overall Survival VELCADE, Melphalan and Prednisone vs Melphalan and Prednisone Figure 1 Figure 2 Randomized, Clinical Study in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma of VELCADE vs Dexamethasone A prospective Phase 3, international, randomized (1:1), stratified, open-label clinical study (NCT00048230) enrolling 669 patients was designed to determine whether VELCADE resulted in improvement in time to progression (TTP) compared to high-dose dexamethasone in patients with progressive multiple myeloma following 1 to 3 prior therapies.

Patients considered to be refractory to prior high-dose dexamethasone were excluded as were those with baseline Grade ≥2 peripheral neuropathy or platelet counts <50,000/µL.

A total of 627 patients were evaluable for response.

Stratification factors were based on the number of lines of prior therapy the patient had previously received (one previous line vs more than one line of therapy), time of progression relative to prior treatment (progression during or within six months of stopping their most recent therapy vs relapse >6 months after receiving their most recent therapy), and screening beta 2 -microglobulin levels (≤2.5 mg/L vs >2.5 mg/L).

Baseline patient and disease characteristics are summarized in Table 15 .

Table 15: Summary of Baseline Patient and Disease Characteristics in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study Patient Characteristics VELCADE (N=333) Dexamethasone (N=336) Median age in years (range) 62.0 (33, 84) 61.0 (27, 86) Gender: Male/female 56%/44% 60%/40% Race: Caucasian/black/other 90%/6%/4% 88%/7%/5% Karnofsky performance status score ≤70 13% 17% Hemoglobin <100 g/L 32% 28% Platelet count 1 prior line 60% 65% Previous Therapy Any prior steroids, e.g., dexamethasone, VAD 98% 99% Any prior anthracyclines, e.g., VAD, mitoxantrone 77% 76% Any prior alkylating agents, e.g., MP, VBMCP 91% 92% Any prior thalidomide therapy 48% 50% Vinca alkaloids 74% 72% Prior stem cell transplant/other high-dose therapy 67% 68% Prior experimental or other types of therapy 3% 2% Patients in the VELCADE treatment group were to receive 8, three week treatment cycles followed by 3, five week treatment cycles of VELCADE.

Patients achieving a CR were treated for four cycles beyond first evidence of CR.

Within each three week treatment cycle, VELCADE 1.3 mg/m 2 /dose alone was administered by intravenous bolus twice weekly for two weeks on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 followed by a ten day rest period (Days 12 to 21).

Within each five week treatment cycle, VELCADE 1.3 mg/m 2 /dose alone was administered by intravenous bolus once weekly for four weeks on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 followed by a 13 day rest period (Days 23 to 35) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ] .

Patients in the dexamethasone treatment group were to receive 4, five week treatment cycles followed by 5, four week treatment cycles.

Within each five week treatment cycle, dexamethasone 40 mg/day PO was administered once daily on Days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 followed by a 15 day rest period (Days 21 to 35).

Within each four week treatment cycle, dexamethasone 40 mg/day PO was administered once daily on Days 1 to 4 followed by a 24 day rest period (Days 5 to 28).

Patients with documented progressive disease on dexamethasone were offered VELCADE at a standard dose and schedule on a companion study.

Following a preplanned interim analysis of time to progression, the dexamethasone arm was halted and all patients randomized to dexamethasone were offered VELCADE, regardless of disease status.

In the VELCADE arm, 34% of patients received at least one VELCADE dose in all eight of the three week cycles of therapy, and 13% received at least one dose in all 11 cycles.

The average number of VELCADE doses during the study was 22, with a range of 1 to 44.

In the dexamethasone arm, 40% of patients received at least one dose in all four of the five week treatment cycles of therapy, and 6% received at least one dose in all nine cycles.

The time to event analyses and response rates from the relapsed multiple myeloma study are presented in Table 16 .

Response and progression were assessed using the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria.

Complete response (CR) required <5% plasma cells in the marrow, 100% reduction in M-protein, and a negative immunofixation test (IF – ).

Partial response (PR) requires ≥50% reduction in serum myeloma protein and ≥90% reduction of urine myeloma protein on at least two occasions for a minimum of at least six weeks along with stable bone disease and normal calcium.

Near complete response (nCR) was defined as meeting all the criteria for complete response including 100% reduction in M-protein by protein electrophoresis; however, M-protein was still detectable by immunofixation (IF + ).

Table 16: Summary of Efficacy Analyses in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study Efficacy Endpoint All Patients 1 Prior Line of Therapy >1 Prior Line of Therapy VELCADE Dex VELCADE Dex VELCADE Dex (n=333) (n=336) (n=132) (n=119) (n=200) (n=217) Time to Progression Events n (%) 147 (44) 196 (58) 55 (42) 64 (54) 92 (46) 132 (61) Median Kaplan-Meier estimate (95% CI) 6.2 mo (4.9, 6.9) 3.5 mo (2.9, 4.2) 7.0 mo (6.2, 8.8) 5.6 mo (3.4, 6.3) 4.9 mo (4.2, 6.3) 2.9 mo (2.8, 3.5) Hazard ratio Hazard ratio is based on Cox proportional-hazard model with the treatment as single independent variable.

A hazard ratio less than one indicates an advantage for VELCADE (95% CI) 0.55 (0.44, 0.69) 0.55 (0.38, 0.81) 0.54 (0.41, 0.72) p-value p-value based on the stratified log-rank test including randomization stratification factors <0.0001 0.0019 <0.0001 Overall Survival Events (deaths) n (%) 51 (15) 84 (25) 12 (9) 24 (20) 39 (20) 60 (28) Hazard ratio (95% CI) 0.57 (0.40, 0.81) 0.39 (0.19, 0.81) 0.65 (0.43, 0.97) p-value , Precise p-value cannot be rendered <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Response Rate Population Response population includes patients who had measurable disease at baseline and received at least one dose of study drug n=627 n=315 n=312 n=128 n=110 n=187 n=202 CR EBMT criteria; nCR meets all EBMT criteria for CR but has positive IF.

Under EBMT criteria nCR is in the PR category n (%) 20 (6) 2 (<1) 8 (6) 2 (2) 12 (6) 0 (0) PR n(%) 101 (32) 54 (17) 49 (38) 27 (25) 52 (28) 27 (13) nCR , In two patients, the IF was unknown n(%) 21 (7) 3 (<1) 8 (6) 2 (2) 13 (7) 1 (<1) CR + PR n (%) 121 (38) 56 (18) 57 (45) 29 (26) 64 (34) 27 (13) p-value p-value for Response Rate (CR + PR) from the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test adjusted for the stratification factors <0.0001 0.0035 <0.0001 TTP was statistically significantly longer on the VELCADE arm (see Figure 3 ) .

Figure 3: Time to Progression Bortezomib vs Dexamethasone (Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study) As shown in Figure 4 , VELCADE had a significant survival advantage relative to dexamethasone (p <0.05).

The median follow-up was 8.3 months.

Figure 4: Overall Survival Bortezomib vs Dexamethasone (Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study) For the 121 patients achieving a response (CR or PR) on the VELCADE arm, the median duration was 8.0 months (95% CI: 6.9, 11.5 months) compared to 5.6 months (95% CI: 4.8, 9.2 months) for the 56 responders on the dexamethasone arm.

The response rate was significantly higher on the VELCADE arm regardless of beta 2 -microglobulin levels at baseline.

Figure 3 Figure 4 Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Study of VELCADE Subcutaneous vs Intravenous in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma An open-label, randomized, Phase 3 noninferiority study (NCT00722566) compared the efficacy and safety of the subcutaneous administration of VELCADE vs the intravenous administration.

This study included 222 bortezomib naïve patients with relapsed multiple myeloma, who were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive 1.3 mg/m 2 of VELCADE by either the subcutaneous (n=148) or intravenous (n=74) route for eight cycles.

Patients who did not obtain an optimal response (less than Complete Response (CR)) to therapy with VELCADE alone after four cycles were allowed to receive oral dexamethasone 20 mg daily on the day of and after VELCADE administration (82 patients in subcutaneous treatment group and 39 patients in the intravenous treatment group).

Patients with baseline Grade ≥2 peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain, or platelet counts <50,000/µL were excluded.

A total of 218 patients were evaluable for response.

Stratification factors were based on the number of lines of prior therapy the patient had received (one previous line vs more than one line of therapy), and international staging system (ISS) stage (incorporating beta 2 -microglobulin and albumin levels; Stages I, II, or III).

The baseline demographic and other characteristics of the two treatment groups are summarized as follows: the median age of the patient population was approximately 64 years of age (range: 38 to 88 years), primarily male (subcutaneous: 50%, intravenous: 64%); the primary type of myeloma is IgG (subcutaneous: 65% IgG, 26% IgA, 8% light chain; intravenous: 72% IgG, 19% IgA, 8% light chain), ISS staging I/II/III (%) was 27, 41, 32 for both subcutaneous and intravenous, Karnofsky performance status score was ≤70% in 22% of subcutaneous and 16% of intravenous, creatinine clearance was 67.5 mL/min in subcutaneous and 73 mL/min in intravenous, the median years from diagnosis was 2.68 and 2.93 in subcutaneous and intravenous respectively and the proportion of patients with more than one prior line of therapy was 38% in subcutaneous and 35% in intravenous.

This study met its primary (noninferiority) objective that single agent subcutaneous VELCADE retains at least 60% of the overall response rate after four cycles relative to single agent intravenous VELCADE.

The results are provided in Table 17 .

Table 17: Summary of Efficacy Analyses in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of VELCADE Subcutaneous vs Intravenous Subcutaneous VELCADE Intravenous VELCADE Intent to Treat Population (n=148) (n=74) Primary Endpoint Response Rate at 4 Cycles ORR (CR + PR) n(%) 63 (43) 31 (42) Ratio of Response Rates (95% CI) 1.01 (0.73, 1.40) CR n (%) 11 (7) 6 (8) PR n (%) 52 (35) 25 (34) nCR n (%) 9 (6) 4 (5) Secondary Endpoints Response Rate at 8 Cycles ORR (CR + PR) 78 (53) 38 (51) CR n (%) 17 (11) 9 (12) PR n (%) 61 (41) 29 (39) nCR n (%) 14 (9) 7 (9) Median Time to Progression, months 10.4 9.4 Median Progression-Free Survival, months 10.2 8.0 1 Year Overall Survival (%) Median duration of follow-up is 11.8 months 72.6 76.7 A Randomized, Phase 2 Dose-Response Study in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma An open-label, multicenter study randomized 54 patients with multiple myeloma who had progressed or relapsed on or after front-line therapy to receive VELCADE 1 mg/m 2 or 1.3 mg/m 2 intravenous bolus twice weekly for two weeks on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 followed by a ten day rest period (Days 12 to 21).

The median duration of time between diagnosis of multiple myeloma and first dose of VELCADE on this trial was two years, and patients had received a median of one prior line of treatment (median of three prior therapies).

A single complete response was seen at each dose.

The overall response rates (CR + PR) were 30% (8/27) at 1 mg/m 2 and 38% (10/26) at 1.3 mg/m 2 .

A Phase 2 Open-Label Extension Study in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Patients from the two Phase 2 studies, who in the investigators’ opinion would experience additional clinical benefit, continued to receive VELCADE beyond 8 cycles on an extension study.

Sixty-three (63) patients from the Phase 2 multiple myeloma studies were enrolled and received a median of seven additional cycles of VELCADE therapy for a total median of 14 cycles (range: 7 to 32).

The overall median dosing intensity was the same in both the parent protocol and extension study.

Sixty-seven percent (67%) of patients initiated the extension study at the same or higher dose intensity at which they completed the parent protocol, and 89% of patients maintained the standard three week dosing schedule during the extension study.

No new cumulative or new long-term toxicities were observed with prolonged VELCADE treatment [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] .

A Single-Arm Trial of Retreatment in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma A single-arm, open-label trial (NCT00431769) was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of retreatment with VELCADE.

One hundred and thirty patients (≥18 years of age) with multiple myeloma who previously had at least partial response on a VELCADE-containing regimen (median of two prior lines of therapy [range: 1 to 7]) were retreated upon progression with VELCADE administered intravenously.

Patients were excluded from trial participation if they had peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain of Grade ≥2.

At least six months after prior VELCADE therapy, VELCADE was restarted at the last tolerated dose of 1.3 mg/m 2 (n=93) or ≤1 mg/m 2 (n=37) and given on Days 1, 4, 8 and 11 every three weeks for maximum of eight cycles either as single agent or in combination with dexamethasone in accordance with the standard of care.

Dexamethasone was administered in combination with VELCADE to 83 patients in Cycle 1 with an additional 11 patients receiving dexamethasone during the course of VELCADE retreatment cycles.

The primary endpoint was best confirmed response to retreatment as assessed by European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria.

Fifty of the 130 patients achieved a best confirmed response of Partial Response or better for an overall response rate of 38.5% (95% CI: 30.1, 47.4).

One patient achieved a Complete Response and 49 achieved Partial Response.

In the 50 responding patients, the median duration of response was 6.5 months and the range was 0.6 to 19.3 months.

14.2 Mantle Cell Lymphoma A Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Study in Patients with Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma A randomized, open-label, Phase 3 study (NCT00722137) was conducted in 487 adult patients with previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma (Stage II, III or IV) who were ineligible or not considered for bone marrow transplantation to determine whether VELCADE administered in combination with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (VcR-CAP) resulted in improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) when compared to the combination of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP).

This clinical study utilized independent pathology confirmation and independent radiologic response assessment.

Patients in the VcR-CAP treatment arm received VELCADE (1.3 mg/m 2 ) administered intravenously on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 (rest period Days 12 to 21); rituximab (375 mg/m 2 ) on Day 1; cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m 2 ) on Day 1; doxorubicin (50 mg/m 2 ) on Day 1; and prednisone (100 mg/m 2 ) on Day 1 through Day 5 of the 21 day treatment cycle.

For patients with a response first documented at Cycle 6, two additional treatment cycles were allowed.

Median patient age was 66 years, 74% were male, 66% were Caucasian and 32% were Asian.

Sixty-nine percent of patients had a positive bone marrow aspirate and/or a positive bone marrow biopsy for MCL, 54% of patients had an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of three (high-intermediate) or higher and 76% had Stage IV disease.

The majority of the patients in both groups received six or more cycles of treatment, 84% in the VcR-CAP group and 83% in the R-CHOP group.

Median number of cycles received by patients in both treatment arms was six with 17% of patients in the R-CHOP group and 14% of subjects in the VcR-CAP group receiving up to two additional cycles.

The efficacy results for PFS, CR and ORR with a median follow-up of 40 months are presented in Table 18 .

The response criteria used to assess efficacy were based on the International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (IWRC).

Final overall survival results at a median follow-up of 78.5 months are also presented in Table 18 and Figure 6 .

The combination of VcR-CAP resulted in statistically significant prolongation of PFS compared with R-CHOP (see Table 18 , Figure 5 ) .

Table 18: Summary of Efficacy Analyses in the Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma Study Efficacy Endpoint n: Intent to Treat patients VcR-CAP (n=243) R-CHOP (n=244) Note: All results are based on the analysis performed at a median follow-up duration of 40 months except for the overall survival analysis, which was performed at a median follow-up of 78.5 months.

CI = Confidence Interval; IPI = International Prognostic Index; LDH = Lactate dehydrogenase Progression-Free Survival (by independent radiographic assessment) Events n (%) 133 (55) 165 (68) Median Based on Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates.

(months) (95% CI) 25 (20, 32) 14 (12, 17) Hazard ratio Hazard ratio estimate is based on a Cox’s model stratified by IPI risk and stage of disease.

A hazard ratio <1 indicates an advantage for VcR-CAP.

(95% CI) 0.63 (0.50, 0.79) p-value Based on Log rank test stratified with IPI risk and stage of disease.

<0.001 Complete Response Rate (CR) Includes CR by independent radiographic assessment, bone marrow, and LDH using ITT population.

n (%) (95% CI) 108 (44) (38, 51) 82 (34) (28, 40) Overall Response Rate (CR + CRu + PR) Includes CR + CRu + PR by independent radiographic assessment, regardless of the verification by bone marrow and LDH, using ITT population.

n (%) 214 (88) 208 (85) (95% CI) (83, 92) (80, 89) Overall Survival Events n (%) 103 (42) 138 (57) Median (months) (95% CI) 91 (71, NE) 56 (47, 69) Hazard Ratio (95% CI) 0.66 (0.51, 0.85) Figure 5: Progression-Free Survival VcR-CAP vs R-CHOP (previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma Study) Key: R-CHOP = rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; VcR-CAP = VELCADE, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone.

Figure 6: Overall Survival VcR-CAP vs R-CHOP (previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma Study) Key: R-CHOP = rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; VcR-CAP = VELCADE, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone.

Figure 5 Figure 6 A Phase 2 Single-Arm Clinical Study in Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma after Prior Therapy The safety and efficacy of VELCADE in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma were evaluated in an open-label, single-arm, multicenter study (NCT00063713) of 155 patients with progressive disease who had received at least one prior therapy.

The median age of the patients was 65 years (42, 89), 81% were male, and 92% were Caucasian.

Of the total, 75% had one or more extra-nodal sites of disease, and 77% were Stage 4.

In 91% of the patients, prior therapy included all of the following: an anthracycline or mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab.

A total of thirty-seven percent (37%) of patients were refractory to their last prior therapy.

An intravenous bolus injection of VELCADE 1.3 mg/m 2 /dose was administered twice weekly for two weeks on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 followed by a ten day rest period (Days 12 to 21) for a maximum of 17 treatment cycles.

Patients achieving a CR or CRu were treated for four cycles beyond first evidence of CR or CRu.

The study employed dose modifications for toxicity [see Dosage and Administration (2.6 , 2.7) ] .

Responses to VELCADE are shown in Table 19 .

Response rates to VELCADE were determined according to the International Workshop Response Criteria (IWRC) based on independent radiologic review of CT scans.

The median number of cycles administered across all patients was four; in responding patients the median number of cycles was eight.

The median time to response was 40 days (range: 31 to 204 days).

The median duration of follow-up was more than 13 months.

Table 19: Response Outcomes in a Phase 2 Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma Study Response Analyses (N=155) N (%) 95% CI Overall Response Rate (IWRC) (CR + CRu + PR) 48 (31) (24, 39) Complete Response (CR + CRu) 12 (8) (4, 13) CR 10 (6) (3, 12) CRu 2 (1) (0, 5) Partial Response (PR) 36 (23) (17, 31) Duration of Response Median 95% CI CR + CRu + PR (N=48) 9.3 months (5.4, 13.8) CR + CRu (N=12) 15.4 months (13.4, 15.4) PR (N=36) 6.1 months (4.2, 9.3)

HOW SUPPLIED

16 /STORAGE AND HANDLING VELCADE ® (bortezomib) for Injection is supplied as individually cartoned 10 mL vials containing 3.5 mg of bortezomib as a white to off-white cake or powder.

NDC 63020-049-01 3.5 mg single-dose vial Unopened vials may be stored at controlled room temperature 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

Retain in original package to protect from light.

Follow guidelines for handling and disposal for hazardous drugs, including the use of gloves and other protective clothing to prevent skin contact 1 .

GERIATRIC USE

8.5 Geriatric Use Of the 669 patients enrolled in the relapsed multiple myeloma study, 245 (37%) were 65 years of age or older: 125 (38%) on the VELCADE arm and 120 (36%) on the dexamethasone arm.

Median time to progression and median duration of response for patients ≥65 were longer on VELCADE compared to dexamethasone [5.5 mo vs 4.3 mo, and 8.0 mo vs 4.9 mo, respectively].

On the VELCADE arm, 40% (n=46) of evaluable patients aged ≥65 experienced response (CR + PR) vs 18% (n=21) on the dexamethasone arm.

The incidence of Grade 3 and 4 events was 64%, 78% and 75% for VELCADE patients ≤50, 51 to 64 and ≥65 years old, respectively [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) , Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients ≥age 65 and younger patients receiving VELCADE; but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

3 For injection: Each single-dose vial of VELCADE contains 3.5 mg of bortezomib as a sterile lyophilized white to off-white powder for reconstitution and withdrawal of the appropriate individual patient dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.10) ] .

For injection: Single-dose vial contains 3.5 mg of bortezomib as lyophilized powder for reconstitution and withdrawal of the appropriate individual patient dose.

( 3 )

MECHANISM OF ACTION

12.1 Mechanism of Action Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome in mammalian cells.

The 26S proteasome is a large protein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins.

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an essential role in regulating the intracellular concentration of specific proteins, thereby maintaining homeostasis within cells.

Inhibition of the 26S proteasome prevents this targeted proteolysis, which can affect multiple signaling cascades within the cell.

This disruption of normal homeostatic mechanisms can lead to cell death.

Experiments have demonstrated that bortezomib is cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell types in vitro .

Bortezomib causes a delay in tumor growth in vivo in nonclinical tumor models, including multiple myeloma.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1 VELCADE is a proteasome inhibitor indicated for: treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma ( 1.1 ) treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Multiple Myeloma VELCADE is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma.

1.2 Mantle Cell Lymphoma VELCADE is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

PEDIATRIC USE

8.4 Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.

The activity and safety of VELCADE in combination with intensive reinduction chemotherapy was evaluated in pediatric and young adult patients with lymphoid malignancies (pre-B cell ALL 77%, 16% with T-cell ALL, and 7% T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL)), all of whom relapsed within 36 months of initial diagnosis in a single-arm multicenter, nonrandomized cooperative group trial.

An effective reinduction multiagent chemotherapy regimen was administered in three blocks.

Block 1 included vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin and pegaspargase; Block 2 included cyclophosphamide, etoposide and methotrexate; Block 3 included high-dose cytosine arabinoside and asparaginase.

VELCADE was administered at a dose of 1.3 mg/m 2 as a bolus intravenous injection on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of Block 1 and Days 1, 4, and 8 of Block 2.

There were 140 patients with ALL or LL enrolled and evaluated for safety.

The median age was ten years (range: 1 to 26), 57% were male, 70% were white, 14% were black, 4% were Asian, 2% were American Indian/Alaska Native, 1% were Pacific Islander.

The activity was evaluated in a prespecified subset of the first 60 evaluable patients enrolled on the study with pre-B ALL ≤21 years and relapsed <36 months from diagnosis.

The complete remission (CR) rate at day 36 was compared to that in a historical control set of patients who had received the identical backbone therapy without VELCADE.

There was no evidence that the addition of VELCADE had any impact on the CR rate.

No new safety concerns were observed when VELCADE was added to a chemotherapy backbone regimen as compared with a historical control group in which the backbone regimen was given without VELCADE.

The BSA-normalized clearance of bortezomib in pediatric patients was similar to that observed in adults.

PREGNANCY

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ] and findings in animals, VELCADE can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.

There are no studies with the use of VELCADE in pregnant women to inform drug-associated risks.

Bortezomib caused embryo-fetal lethality in rabbits at doses lower than the clinical dose (see Data ) .

Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus.

Adverse outcomes in pregnancy occur regardless of the health of the mother or the use of medications.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown.

In the U.S.

general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Data Animal Data Bortezomib was not teratogenic in nonclinical developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits at the highest dose tested (0.075 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/m 2 in the rat and 0.05 mg/kg; 0.6 mg/m 2 in the rabbit) when administered during organogenesis.

These dosages are approximately 0.5 times the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m 2 based on body surface area.

Bortezomib caused embryo-fetal lethality in rabbits at doses lower than the clinical dose (approximately 0.5 times the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m 2 based on body surface area).

Pregnant rabbits given bortezomib during organogenesis at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg (0.6 mg/m 2 ) experienced significant postimplantation loss and decreased number of live fetuses.

Live fetuses from these litters also showed significant decreases in fetal weight.

WARNING AND CAUTIONS

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Peripheral Neuropathy: Manage with dose modification or discontinuation.

( 2.7 ) Patients with pre-existing severe neuropathy should be treated with VELCADE only after careful risk-benefit assessment.

( 2.7 , 5.1 ) Hypotension: Use caution when treating patients taking antihypertensives, with a history of syncope, or with dehydration.

( 5.2 ) Cardiac Toxicity: Worsening of and development of cardiac failure has occurred.

Closely monitor patients with existing heart disease or risk factors for heart disease.

( 5.3 ) Pulmonary Toxicity: Acute respiratory syndromes have occurred.

Monitor closely for new or worsening symptoms and consider interrupting VELCADE therapy.

( 5.4 ) Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Consider MRI imaging for onset of visual or neurological symptoms; discontinue VELCADE if suspected.

( 5.5 ) Gastrointestinal Toxicity: Nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting may require use of antiemetic and antidiarrheal medications or fluid replacement.

( 5.6 ) Thrombocytopenia and Neutropenia: Monitor complete blood counts regularly throughout treatment.

( 5.7 ) Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Closely monitor patients with high tumor burden.

( 5.8 ) Hepatic Toxicity: Monitor hepatic enzymes during treatment.

Interrupt VELCADE therapy to assess reversibility.

( 5.9 ) Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Monitor for signs and symptoms.

Discontinue VELCADE if suspected.

( 5.10 ) Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: VELCADE can cause fetal harm.

Advise females of reproductive potential and males with female partners of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus and to use effective contraception.

( 5.11 ) 5.1 Peripheral Neuropathy VELCADE treatment causes a peripheral neuropathy that is predominantly sensory; however, cases of severe sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy have been reported.

Patients with pre-existing symptoms (numbness, pain or a burning feeling in the feet or hands) and/or signs of peripheral neuropathy may experience worsening peripheral neuropathy (including ≥Grade 3) during treatment with VELCADE.

Patients should be monitored for symptoms of neuropathy, such as a burning sensation, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia, paresthesia, discomfort, neuropathic pain or weakness.

In the Phase 3 relapsed multiple myeloma trial comparing VELCADE subcutaneous vs intravenous, the incidence of Grade ≥2 peripheral neuropathy was 24% for subcutaneous and 39% for intravenous.

Grade ≥3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 6% of patients in the subcutaneous treatment group, compared with 15% in the intravenous treatment group [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] .

Starting VELCADE subcutaneously may be considered for patients with pre-existing or at high risk of peripheral neuropathy.

Patients experiencing new or worsening peripheral neuropathy during VELCADE therapy may require a decrease in the dose and/or a less dose-intense schedule [see Dosage and Administration (2.7) ] .

In the VELCADE vs dexamethasone Phase 3 relapsed multiple myeloma study, improvement in or resolution of peripheral neuropathy was reported in 48% of patients with ≥Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy following dose adjustment or interruption.

Improvement in or resolution of peripheral neuropathy was reported in 73% of patients who discontinued due to Grade 2 neuropathy or who had ≥Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy in the Phase 2 multiple myeloma studies.

The long-term outcome of peripheral neuropathy has not been studied in mantle cell lymphoma.

5.2 Hypotension The incidence of hypotension (postural, orthostatic, and hypotension NOS) was 8% [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] .

These events are observed throughout therapy.

Patients with a history of syncope, patients receiving medications known to be associated with hypotension, and patients who are dehydrated may be at increased risk of hypotension.

Management of orthostatic/postural hypotension may include adjustment of antihypertensive medications, hydration, and administration of mineralocorticoids and/or sympathomimetics.

5.3 Cardiac Toxicity Acute development or exacerbation of congestive heart failure and new onset of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction have occurred during VELCADE therapy, including reports in patients with no risk factors for decreased left ventricular ejection fraction [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] .

Patients with risk factors for, or existing heart disease should be frequently monitored.

In the relapsed multiple myeloma study of VELCADE vs dexamethasone, the incidence of any treatment-related cardiac disorder was 8% and 5% in the VELCADE and dexamethasone groups, respectively.

The incidence of adverse reactions suggestive of heart failure (acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary edema, cardiac failure, congestive cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock) was ≤1% for each individual reaction in the VELCADE group.

In the dexamethasone group the incidence was ≤1% for cardiac failure and congestive cardiac failure; there were no reported reactions of acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock.

There have been isolated cases of QT-interval prolongation in clinical studies; causality has not been established.

5.4 Pulmonary Toxicity Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease of unknown etiology such as pneumonitis, interstitial pneumonia, lung infiltration have occurred in patients receiving VELCADE.

Some of these events have been fatal.

In a clinical trial, the first two patients given high-dose cytarabine (2 g/m 2 per day) by continuous infusion with daunorubicin and VELCADE for relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia died of ARDS early in the course of therapy.

There have been reports of pulmonary hypertension associated with VELCADE administration in the absence of left heart failure or significant pulmonary disease.

In the event of new or worsening cardiopulmonary symptoms, consider interrupting VELCADE until a prompt and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is conducted.

5.5 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES; formerly termed Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS)) has occurred in patients receiving VELCADE.

PRES is a rare, reversible, neurological disorder which can present with seizure, hypertension, headache, lethargy, confusion, blindness, and other visual and neurological disturbances.

Brain imaging, preferably MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), is used to confirm the diagnosis.

In patients developing PRES, discontinue VELCADE.

The safety of reinitiating VELCADE therapy in patients previously experiencing PRES is not known.

5.6 Gastrointestinal Toxicity VELCADE treatment can cause nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] sometimes requiring use of antiemetic and antidiarrheal medications.

Ileus can occur.

Fluid and electrolyte replacement should be administered to prevent dehydration.

Interrupt VELCADE for severe symptoms.

5.7 Thrombocytopenia/Neutropenia VELCADE is associated with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia that follow a cyclical pattern with nadirs occurring following the last dose of each cycle and typically recovering prior to initiation of the subsequent cycle.

The cyclical pattern of platelet and neutrophil decreases and recovery remain consistent in the studies of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, with no evidence of cumulative thrombocytopenia or neutropenia in the treatment regimens studied.

Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) frequently during treatment with VELCADE.

Measure platelet counts prior to each dose of VELCADE.

Adjust dose/schedule for thrombocytopenia [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) ] .

Gastrointestinal and intracerebral hemorrhage has occurred during thrombocytopenia in association with VELCADE.

Support with transfusions and supportive care, according to published guidelines.

In the single agent, relapsed multiple myeloma study of VELCADE vs dexamethasone, the mean platelet count nadir measured was approximately 40% of baseline.

The severity of thrombocytopenia related to pretreatment platelet count is shown in Table 8 .

The incidence of bleeding (≥Grade 3) was 2% on the VELCADE arm and was <1% in the dexamethasone arm.

Table 8: Severity of Thrombocytopenia Related to Pretreatment Platelet Count in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of VELCADE vs Dexamethasone Pretreatment Platelet Count A baseline platelet count of 50,000/µL was required for study eligibility Number of Patients (N=331) Data were missing at baseline for one patient Number (%) of Patients with Platelet Count <10,000/µL Number (%) of Patients with Platelet Count 10,000 to 25,000/µL ≥75,000/µL 309 8 (3%) 36 (12%) ≥50,000/µL to <75,000/µL 14 2 (14%) 11 (79%) ≥10,000/µL to <50,000/µL 7 1 (14%) 5 (71%) In the combination study of VELCADE with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone (VcR-CAP) in previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma patients, the incidence of thrombocytopenia (≥Grade 4) was 32% vs 1% for the rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) arm as shown in Table 12 .

The incidence of bleeding events (≥Grade 3) was 1.7% in the VcR-CAP arm (four patients) and was 1.2% in the R-CHOP arm (three patients).

Platelet transfusions were given to 23% of the patients in the VcR-CAP arm and 3% of the patients in the R-CHOP arm.

The incidence of neutropenia (≥Grade 4) was 70% in the VcR-CAP arm and was 52% in the R-CHOP arm.

The incidence of febrile neutropenia (≥Grade 4) was 5% in the VcR-CAP arm and was 6% in the R-CHOP arm.

Myeloid growth factor support was provided at a rate of 78% in the VcR-CAP arm and 61% in the R-CHOP arm.

5.8 Tumor Lysis Syndrome Tumor lysis syndrome has been reported with VELCADE therapy.

Patients at risk of tumor lysis syndrome are those with high tumor burden prior to treatment.

Monitor patients closely and take appropriate precautions.

5.9 Hepatic Toxicity Cases of acute liver failure have been reported in patients receiving multiple concomitant medications and with serious underlying medical conditions.

Other reported hepatic reactions include hepatitis, increases in liver enzymes, and hyperbilirubinemia.

Interrupt VELCADE therapy to assess reversibility.

There is limited rechallenge information in these patients.

5.10 Thrombotic Microangiopathy Cases, sometimes fatal, of thrombotic microangiopathy, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), have been reported in the postmarketing setting in patients who received VELCADE.

Monitor for signs and symptoms of TTP/HUS.

If the diagnosis is suspected, stop VELCADE and evaluate.

If the diagnosis of TTP/HUS is excluded, consider restarting VELCADE.

The safety of reinitiating VELCADE therapy in patients previously experiencing TTP/HUS is not known.

5.11 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on the mechanism of action and findings in animals, VELCADE can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.

Bortezomib administered to rabbits during organogenesis at a dose approximately 0.5 times the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m 2 based on body surface area caused postimplantation loss and a decreased number of live fetuses [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] .

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with VELCADE and for seven months following treatment.

Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with VELCADE and for four months following treatment.

If VELCADE is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant during VELCADE treatment, the patient should be apprised of the potential risk to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1 , 8.3) , Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ] .

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Discuss the following with patients prior to treatment with VELCADE: Peripheral Neuropathy Advise patients to report the development or worsening of sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] .

Hypotension Advise patients to drink adequate fluids to avoid dehydration and to report symptoms of hypotension to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] .

Instruct patients to seek medical advice if they experience symptoms of dizziness, light headedness or fainting spells, or muscle cramps.

Cardiac Toxicity Advise patients to report signs or symptoms of heart failure to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] .

Pulmonary Toxicity Advise patients to report symptoms of ARDS, pulmonary hypertension, pneumonitis, and pneumonia immediately to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] .

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention for signs or symptoms of PRES [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] .

Gastrointestinal Toxicity Advise patients to report symptoms of gastrointestinal toxicity to their healthcare provider and to drink adequate fluids to avoid dehydration.

Instruct patients to seek medical advice if they experience symptoms of dizziness, light headedness or fainting spells, or muscle cramps [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] .

Thrombocytopenia/Neutropenia Advise patients to report signs or symptoms of bleeding or infection immediately to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] .

Tumor Lysis Syndrome Advise patients of the risk of tumor lysis syndrome and to drink adequate fluids to avoid dehydration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] .

Hepatic Toxicity Advise patients to report signs or symptoms of hepatic toxicity to their healthcare provider [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] .

Thrombotic Microangiopathy Advise patients to seek immediate medical attention if any signs or symptoms of thrombotic microangiopathy occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] .

Ability to Drive or Operate Machinery or Impairment of Mental Ability VELCADE may cause fatigue, dizziness, syncope, orthostatic/postural hypotension.

Advise patients not to drive or operate machinery if they experience any of these symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.5) ] .

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Advise females of the potential risk to the fetus and to use effective contraception during treatment with VELCADE and for seven months following the last dose.

Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with VELCADE and for four months following the last dose.

Instruct patients to report pregnancy to their physicians immediately if they or their female partner becomes pregnant during treatment or within seven months following last dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] .

Lactation Advise women not to breastfeed while receiving VELCADE and for two months after last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2) ] .

Concomitant Medications Advise patients to speak with their physicians about any other medication they are currently taking.

Diabetic Patients Advise patients to check their blood sugar frequently if using an oral antidiabetic medication and to notify their physicians of any changes in blood sugar level.

Dermal Advise patients to contact their physicians if they experience rash, severe injection site reactions [see Dosage and Administration (2.9) ] , or skin pain.

Discuss with patients the option for antiviral prophylaxis for herpes virus infection [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] .

Other Instruct patients to contact their physicians if they develop an increase in blood pressure, bleeding, fever, constipation, or decreased appetite.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2 For subcutaneous or intravenous use only.

Each route of administration has a different reconstituted concentration.

Exercise caution when calculating the volume to be administered.

( 2.1 , 2.10 ) The recommended starting dose of VELCADE is 1.3 mg/m 2 administered either as a 3 to 5 second bolus intravenous injection or subcutaneous injection.

( 2.2 , 2.4 , 2.6 ) Retreatment for Multiple Myeloma: May retreat starting at the last tolerated dose.

( 2.6 ) Hepatic Impairment: Use a lower starting dose for patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.

( 2.8 ) Dose must be individualized to prevent overdose.

( 2.10 ) 2.1 Important Dosing Guidelines VELCADE is for intravenous or subcutaneous use only.

Do not administer VELCADE by any other route.

Because each route of administration has a different reconstituted concentration, use caution when calculating the volume to be administered.

The recommended starting dose of VELCADE is 1.3 mg/m 2 .

VELCADE is administered intravenously at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, or subcutaneously at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL [see Dosage and Administration (2.10) ] .

VELCADE retreatment may be considered for patients with multiple myeloma who had previously responded to treatment with VELCADE and who have relapsed at least six months after completing prior VELCADE treatment.

Treatment may be started at the last tolerated dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.6) ] .

When administered intravenously, administer VELCADE as a 3 to 5 second bolus intravenous injection.

2.2 Dosage in Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma VELCADE is administered in combination with oral melphalan and oral prednisone for 9, six week treatment cycles as shown in Table 1 .

In Cycles 1 to 4, VELCADE is administered twice weekly (Days 1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29 and 32).

In Cycles 5 to 9, VELCADE is administered once weekly (Days 1, 8, 22 and 29).

At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of VELCADE.

Table 1: Dosage Regimen for Patients with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma Twice Weekly VELCADE (Cycles 1 to 4) Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 VELCADE (1.3 mg/m 2 ) Day 1 — — Day 4 Day 8 Day 11 rest period Day 22 Day 25 Day 29 Day 32 rest period Melphalan (9 mg/m 2 ) Prednisone (60 mg/m 2 ) Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 — — rest period — — — — rest period Once Weekly VELCADE (Cycles 5 to 9 when used in combination with Melphalan and Prednisone) Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 VELCADE (1.3 mg/m 2 ) Day 1 — — Day 8 rest period Day 22 Day 29 rest period Melphalan (9 mg/m 2 ) Prednisone (60 mg/m 2 ) Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 — — rest period — — — — rest period 2.3 Dose Modification Guidelines for VELCADE When Given in Combination with Melphalan and Prednisone Prior to initiating any cycle of therapy with VELCADE in combination with melphalan and prednisone: Platelet count should be at least 70 × 10 9 /L and the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) should be at least 1 × 10 9 /L Nonhematological toxicities should have resolved to Grade 1 or baseline Table 2: Dose Modifications During Cycles of Combination VELCADE, Melphalan and Prednisone Therapy Toxicity Dose Modification or Delay Hematological toxicity during a cycle: If prolonged Grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, or thrombocytopenia with bleeding is observed in the previous cycle Consider reduction of the melphalan dose by 25% in the next cycle If platelet count is not above 30 × 10 9 /L or ANC is not above 0.75 × 10 9 /L on a VELCADE dosing day (other than Day 1) Withhold VELCADE dose If several VELCADE doses in consecutive cycles are withheld due to toxicity Reduce VELCADE dose by one dose level (from 1.3 mg/m 2 to 1 mg/m 2 , or from 1 mg/m 2 to 0.7 mg/m 2 ) Grade 3 or higher nonhematological toxicities Withhold VELCADE therapy until symptoms of toxicity have resolved to Grade 1 or baseline.

Then, VELCADE may be reinitiated with one dose level reduction (from 1.3 mg/m 2 to 1 mg/m 2 , or from 1 mg/m 2 to 0.7 mg/m 2 ).

For VELCADE-related neuropathic pain and/or peripheral neuropathy, hold or modify VELCADE as outlined in Table 5 .

For information concerning melphalan and prednisone, see manufacturer’s prescribing information.

Dose modifications guidelines for peripheral neuropathy are provided [see Dosage and Administration (2.7) ] .

2.4 Dosage in Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma VELCADE (1.3 mg/m 2 ) is administered intravenously in combination with intravenous rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and oral prednisone (VcR-CAP) for 6, three week treatment cycles as shown in Table 3 .

VELCADE is administered first followed by rituximab.

VELCADE is administered twice weekly for two weeks (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a ten day rest period on Days 12 to 21.

For patients with a response first documented at Cycle 6, two additional VcR-CAP cycles are recommended.

At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of VELCADE.

Table 3: Dosage Regimen for Patients with Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma Twice Weekly VELCADE (6, Three Week Cycles) Dosing may continue for two more cycles (for a total of eight cycles) if response is first seen at Cycle 6.

Week 1 2 3 VELCADE (1.3 mg/m 2 ) Day 1 — — Day 4 — Day 8 Day 11 rest period Rituximab (375 mg/m 2 ) Cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m 2 ) Doxorubicin (50 mg/m 2 ) Day 1 — — — — rest period Prednisone (100 mg/m 2 ) Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 — — rest period 2.5 Dose Modification Guidelines for VELCADE When Given in Combination with Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Prednisone Prior to the first day of each cycle (other than Cycle 1): Platelet count should be at least 100 × 10 9 /L and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) should be at least 1.5 × 10 9 /L Hemoglobin should be at least 8 g/dL (at least 4.96 mmol/L) Nonhematologic toxicity should have recovered to Grade 1 or baseline Interrupt VELCADE treatment at the onset of any Grade 3 hematologic or nonhematological toxicities, excluding neuropathy [see Table 5, Warnings and Precautions (5) ] .

For dose adjustments, see Table 4 below.

Table 4: Dose Modifications on Days 4, 8, and 11 During Cycles of Combination VELCADE, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Prednisone Therapy Toxicity Dose Modification or Delay Hematological Toxicity Grade 3 or higher neutropenia, or a platelet count not at or above 25 × 10 9 /L Withhold VELCADE therapy for up to 2 weeks until the patient has an ANC at or above 0.75 × 10 9 /L and a platelet count at or above 25 × 10 9 /L.

If, after VELCADE has been withheld, the toxicity does not resolve, discontinue VELCADE.

If toxicity resolves such that the patient has an ANC at or above 0.75 × 10 9 /L and a platelet count at or above 25 × 10 9 /L, VELCADE dose should be reduced by 1 dose level (from 1.3 mg/m 2 to 1 mg/m 2 , or from 1 mg/m 2 to 0.7 mg/m 2 ).

Grade 3 or higher nonhematological toxicities Withhold VELCADE therapy until symptoms of the toxicity have resolved to Grade 2 or better.

Then, VELCADE may be reinitiated with one dose level reduction (from 1.3 mg/m 2 to 1 mg/m 2 , or from 1 mg/m 2 to 0.7 mg/m 2 ).

For VELCADE-related neuropathic pain and/or peripheral neuropathy, hold or modify VELCADE as outlined in Table 5 .

For information concerning rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone, see manufacturer’s prescribing information.

2.6 Dosage and Dose Modifications for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma and Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma VELCADE (1.3 mg/m 2 /dose) is administered twice weekly for two weeks (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a ten day rest period (Days 12 to 21).

For extended therapy of more than eight cycles, VELCADE may be administered on the standard schedule or, for relapsed multiple myeloma, on a maintenance schedule of once weekly for four weeks (Days 1, 8, 15, and 22) followed by a 13 day rest period (Days 23 to 35) [see Clinical Studies (14) ] .

At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of VELCADE.

Patients with multiple myeloma who have previously responded to treatment with VELCADE (either alone or in combination) and who have relapsed at least six months after their prior VELCADE therapy may be started on VELCADE at the last tolerated dose.

Retreated patients are administered VELCADE twice weekly (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) every three weeks for a maximum of eight cycles.

At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of VELCADE.

VELCADE may be administered either as a single agent or in combination with dexamethasone [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .

VELCADE therapy should be withheld at the onset of any Grade 3 nonhematological or Grade 4 hematological toxicities excluding neuropathy as discussed below [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] .

Once the symptoms of the toxicity have resolved, VELCADE therapy may be reinitiated at a 25% reduced dose (1.3 mg/m 2 /dose reduced to 1 mg/m 2 /dose; 1 mg/m 2 /dose reduced to 0.7 mg/m 2 /dose).

For dose modifications guidelines for peripheral neuropathy, see section 2.7 .

2.7 Dose Modifications for Peripheral Neuropathy Starting VELCADE subcutaneously may be considered for patients with pre-existing or at high risk of peripheral neuropathy.

Patients with pre-existing severe neuropathy should be treated with VELCADE only after careful risk-benefit assessment.

Patients experiencing new or worsening peripheral neuropathy during VELCADE therapy may require a decrease in the dose and/or a less dose-intense schedule.

For dose or schedule modification guidelines for patients who experience VELCADE-related neuropathic pain and/or peripheral neuropathy, see Table 5 .

Table 5: Recommended Dose Modification for VELCADE-Related Neuropathic Pain and/or Peripheral Sensory or Motor Neuropathy Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy Signs and Symptoms Grading based on NCI Common Terminology Criteria CTCAE v4.0 Modification of Dose and Regimen Grade 1 (asymptomatic; loss of deep tendon reflexes or paresthesia) without pain or loss of function No action Grade 1 with pain or Grade 2 (moderate symptoms; limiting instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Instrumental ADL: refers to preparing meals, shopping for groceries or clothes, using telephone, managing money, etc.

) Reduce VELCADE to 1 mg/m 2 Grade 2 with pain or Grade 3 (severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL Self care ADL: refers to bathing, dressing and undressing, feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bedridden ) Withhold VELCADE therapy until toxicity resolves.

When toxicity resolves reinitiate with a reduced dose of VELCADE at 0.7 mg/m 2 once per week.

Grade 4 (life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated) Discontinue VELCADE 2.8 Dosage in Patients with Hepatic Impairment Do not adjust the starting dose for patients with mild hepatic impairment.

Start patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment at a reduced dose of 0.7 mg/m 2 per injection during the first cycle, and consider subsequent dose escalation to 1 mg/m 2 or further dose reduction to 0.5 mg/m 2 based on patient tolerance (see Table 6 ) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .

Table 6: Recommended Starting Dose Modification for VELCADE in Patients with Hepatic Impairment Bilirubin Level SGOT (AST) Levels Modification of Starting Dose Abbreviations: SGOT = serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ULN = upper limit of the normal range.

Mild Less than or equal to 1× ULN More than ULN None More than 1× to 1.5× ULN Any None Moderate More than 1.5× to 3× ULN Any Reduce VELCADE to 0.7 mg/m 2 in the first cycle.

Consider dose escalation to 1 mg/m 2 or further dose reduction to 0.5 mg/m 2 in subsequent cycles based on patient tolerability.

Severe More than 3× ULN Any 2.9 Administration Precautions The drug quantity contained in one vial (3.5 mg) may exceed the usual dose required.

Caution should be used in calculating the dose to prevent overdose [see Dosage and Administration (2.10) ] .

When administered subcutaneously, sites for each injection (thigh or abdomen) should be rotated.

New injections should be given at least one inch from an old site and never into areas where the site is tender, bruised, erythematous, or indurated.

If local injection site reactions occur following VELCADE administration subcutaneously, a less concentrated VELCADE solution (1 mg/mL instead of 2.5 mg/mL) may be administered subcutaneously [see Dosage and Administration (2.10) ] .

Alternatively, consider use of the intravenous route of administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.10) ] .

VELCADE is a hazardous drug.

Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.

1 2.10 Reconstitution/Preparation for Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration Use proper aseptic technique.

Reconstitute only with 0.9% sodium chloride .

The reconstituted product should be a clear and colorless solution.

Different volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride are used to reconstitute the product for the different routes of administration.

The reconstituted concentration of bortezomib for subcutaneous administration (2.5 mg/mL) is greater than the reconstituted concentration of bortezomib for intravenous administration (1 mg/mL).

Because each route of administration has a different reconstituted concentration, use caution when calculating the volume to be administered [see Dosage and Administration (2.9) ] .

For each 3.5 mg single-dose vial of bortezomib, reconstitute with the following volume of 0.9% sodium chloride based on route of administration (Table 7) : Table 7: Reconstitution Volumes and Final Concentration for Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration Route of Administration Bortezomib (mg/vial) Diluent (0.9% Sodium Chloride) Final Bortezomib Concentration (mg/mL) Intravenous 3.5 mg 3.5 mL 1 mg/mL Subcutaneous 3.5 mg 1.4 mL 2.5 mg/mL Dose must be individualized to prevent overdosage.

After determining patient body surface area (BSA) in square meters, use the following equations to calculate the total volume (mL) of reconstituted VELCADE to be administered: Intravenous Administration [1 mg/mL concentration] VELCADE dose (mg/m 2 ) × patient BSA (m 2 ) =Total VELCADE volume (mL) to be administered 1 mg/mL Subcutaneous Administration [2.5 mg/mL concentration] VELCADE dose (mg/m 2 ) × patient BSA (m 2 ) =Total VELCADE volume (mL) to be administered 2.5 mg/mL Stickers that indicate the route of administration are provided with each VELCADE vial.

These stickers should be placed directly on the syringe of VELCADE once VELCADE is prepared to help alert practitioners of the correct route of administration for VELCADE.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit.

If any discoloration or particulate matter is observed, the reconstituted product should not be used.

Stability Unopened vials of VELCADE are stable until the date indicated on the package when stored in the original package protected from light.

VELCADE contains no antimicrobial preservative.

Administer reconstituted VELCADE within eight hours of preparation.

When reconstituted as directed, VELCADE may be stored at 25°C (77°F).

The reconstituted material may be stored in the original vial and/or the syringe prior to administration.

The product may be stored for up to eight hours in a syringe; however, total storage time for the reconstituted material must not exceed eight hours when exposed to normal indoor lighting.

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Cyclophosphamide 1000 MG Injection http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/cyclophosphamide-1000-mg-injection/ http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/cyclophosphamide-1000-mg-injection/#respond Fri, 15 Nov 2024 18:24:27 +0000 http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/cyclophosphamide-1000-mg-injection/ Continue reading "Cyclophosphamide 1000 MG Injection"]]> Generic Name: CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Brand Name: Cyclophosphamide
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  • CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

DRUG INTERACTIONS

7 Cyclophosphamide is a pro-drug that is activated by cytochrome P450s [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )].

An increase of the concentration of cytotoxic metabolites may occur with: Protease inhibitors: Concomitant use of protease inhibitors may increase the concentration of cytotoxic metabolites.

Use of protease inhibitor-based regimens was found to be associated with a higher incidence of infections and neutropenia in patients receiving cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CDE) than use of a Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-based regimen.

Combined or sequential use of cyclophosphamide and other agents with similar toxicities can potentiate toxicities.

Increased hematotoxicity and/or immunosuppression may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and, for example: ACE inhibitors: ACE inhibitors can cause leukopenia.

Natalizumab Paclitaxel: Increased hematotoxicity has been reported when cyclophosphamide was administered after paclitaxel infusion.

Thiazide diuretics Zidovudine Increased cardiotoxicity may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and, for example: Anthracyclines Cytarabine Pentostatin Radiation therapy of the cardiac region Trastuzumab Increased pulmonary toxicity may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and, for example: Amiodarone G-CSF, GM-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor): Reports suggest an increased risk of pulmonary toxicity in patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy that includes cyclophosphamide and G-CSF or GMCSF.

Increased nephrotoxicity may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and, for example: Amphotericin B Indomethacin: Acute water intoxication has been reported with concomitant use of indomethacin Increase in other toxicities: Azathioprine: Increased risk of hepatotoxicity (liver necrosis) Busulfan: Increased incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease and mucositis has been reported.

Protease inhibitors: Increased incidence of mucositis Increased risk of hemorrhagic cystitis may result from a combined effect of cyclophosphamide and past or concomitant radiation treatment.

Etanercept: In patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis, the addition of etanercept to standard treatment, including cyclophosphamide, was associated with a higher incidence of non-cutaneous malignant solid tumors.

Metronidazole: Acute encephalopathy has been reported in a patient receiving cyclophosphamide and metronidazole.

Causal association is unclear.

In an animal study, the combination of cyclophosphamide with metronidazole was associated with increased cyclophosphamide toxicity.

Tamoxifen: Concomitant use of tamoxifen and chemotherapy may increase the risk of thromboembolic complications.

Coumarins: Both increased and decreased warfarin effect have been reported in patients receiving warfarin and cyclophosphamide.

Cyclosporine: Lower serum concentrations of cyclosporine have been observed in patients receiving a combination of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine than in patients receiving only cyclosporine.

This interaction may result in an increased incidence of graft-versus-host disease.

Depolarizing muscle relaxants: Cyclophosphamide treatment causes a marked and persistent inhibition of cholinesterase activity.

Prolonged apnea may occur with concurrent depolarizing muscle relaxants (e.g., succinylcholine).

If a patient has been treated with cyclophosphamide within 10 days of general anesthesia, alert the anesthesiologist.

OVERDOSAGE

10 No specific antidote for cyclophosphamide is known.

Overdosage should be managed with supportive measures, including appropriate treatment for any concurrent infection, myelosuppression, or cardiac toxicity should it occur.

Serious consequences of overdosage include manifestations of dose dependent toxicities such as myelosuppression, urotoxicity, cardiotoxicity (including cardiac failure), veno-occlusive hepatic disease, and stomatitis [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 , 5.3 and 5.6 )].

Patients who received an overdose should be closely monitored for the development of toxicities, and hematologic toxicity in particular.

Cyclophosphamide and its metabolites are dialyzable.

Therefore, rapid hemodialysis is indicated when treating any suicidal or accidental overdose or intoxication.

Cystitis prophylaxis with mesna may be helpful in preventing or limiting urotoxic effects with cyclophosphamide overdose.

DESCRIPTION

11 Cyclophosphamide is a synthetic antineoplastic drug chemically related to the nitrogen mustards.

The chemical name for cyclophosphamide is 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino] tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide monohydrate, and has the following structural formula: Cyclophosphamide is a white crystalline powder with the molecular formula C 7 H 15 Cl 2 N 2 O 2 P•H 2 O and a molecular weight of 279.1.

Cyclophosphamide is soluble in water, saline, or ethanol.

Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP is for intravenous or oral use, it has no inactive ingredients.

When reconstituted in water Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP has a pH range of 3.0 to 9.0.

Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP is a sterile white powder available as 500 mg, 1 g, and 2 g strength vials.

500 mg vial contains 534.5 mg cyclophosphamide monohydrate equivalent to 500 mg cyclophosphamide 1 g vial contains 1069.0 mg cyclophosphamide monohydrate equivalent to 1 g cyclophosphamide 2 g vial contains 2138.0 mg cyclophosphamide monohydrate equivalent to 2 g cyclophosphamide structure

HOW SUPPLIED

16 /STORAGE AND HANDLING Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP is a sterile white powder containing cyclophosphamide and is supplied in vials for single dose use.

Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP NDC 0781-3233-94 500 mg vial, carton of 1 NDC 0781-3244-94 1 g vial, carton of 1 NDC 0781-3255-94 2 g vial, carton of 1 Store vials at or below 25°C (77°F).

During transport or storage of cyclophosphamide vials, temperature influences can lead to melting of the active ingredient, cyclophosphamide.

[see Dosage and Administration ( 2.3 )] .

Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic product.

Follow special handling and disposal procedures.

1

GERIATRIC USE

8.5 Geriatric Use There is insufficient data from clinical studies of cyclophosphamide available for patients 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently than younger patients.

In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac functioning, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

3 Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP is a sterile white powder available in 500 mg 1 g 2 g Injection, sterile white powder: 500 mg,1 g, and 2 g ( 3 )

MECHANISM OF ACTION

12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action is thought to involve cross-linking of tumor cell DNA.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1 Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating drug indicated for treatment of: Malignant Diseases: malignant lymphomas: Hodgkin’s disease, lymphocytic lymphoma, mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma; multiple myeloma, leukemias, mycosis fungoides, neuroblastoma, adenocarcinoma of ovary, retinoblastoma, breast carcinoma ( 1.1 ) Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: biopsy proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome patients who failed to adequately respond to or are unable to tolerate adrenocorticosteroid therapy ( 1.2 ) Limitations of Use: The safety and effectiveness for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in adults or other renal disease has not been established.

1.1 Malignant Diseases Cyclophosphamide is indicated for the treatment of: malignant lymphomas (Stages III and IV of the Ann Arbor staging system), Hodgkin’s disease, lymphocytic lymphoma (nodular or diffuse), mixed-cell type lymphoma, histiocytic lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma multiple myeloma leukemias: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia (it is usually ineffective in acute blastic crisis), acute myelogenous and monocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic (stem-cell) leukemia (cyclophosphamide given during remission is effective in prolonging its duration) mycosis fungoides (advanced disease) neuroblastoma (disseminated disease) adenocarcinoma of the ovary retinoblastoma carcinoma of the breast Cyclophosphamide, although effective alone in susceptible malignancies, is more frequently used concurrently or sequentially with other antineoplastic drugs.

1.2 Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients Cyclophosphamide is indicated for the treatment of biopsy proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome in pediatrics patients who failed to adequately respond to or are unable to tolerate adrenocorticosteroid therapy.

Limitations of Use : The safety and effectiveness for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in adults or other renal disease has not been established.

PEDIATRIC USE

8.4 Pediatric Use Pre-pubescent girls treated with cyclophosphamide generally develop secondary sexual characteristics normally and have regular menses.

Ovarian fibrosis with apparently complete loss of germ cells after prolonged cyclophosphamide treatment in late pre-pubescence has been reported.

Girls treated with cyclophosphamide who have retained ovarian function after completing treatment are at increased risk of developing premature menopause.

Pre-pubescent boys treated with cyclophosphamide develop secondary sexual characteristics normally, but may have oligospermia or azoospermia and increased gonadotropin secretion.

Some degree of testicular atrophy may occur.

Cyclophosphamide-induced azoospermia is reversible in some patients, though the reversibility may not occur for several years after cessation of therapy.

PREGNANCY

8.1 Pregnancy Pregnancy Category D Risk Summary Cyclophosphamide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on its mechanism of action and published reports of effects in pregnant patients or animals.

Exposure to cyclophosphamide during pregnancy may cause fetal malformations, miscarriage, fetal growth retardation, and toxic effects in the newborn.

Cyclophosphamide is teratogenic and embryo-fetal toxic in mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys.

If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to a fetus.

Human Data Malformations of the skeleton, palate, limbs and eyes as well as miscarriage have been reported after exposure to cyclophosphamide in the first trimester.

Fetal growth retardation and toxic effects manifesting in the newborn, including leukopenia, anemia, pancytopenia, severe bone marrow hypoplasia, and gastroenteritis have been reported after exposure to cyclophosphamide.

Animal Data Administration of cyclophosphamide to pregnant mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys during the period of organogenesis at doses at or below the dose in patients based on body surface area resulted in various malformations, which included neural tube defects, limb and digit defects and other skeletal anomalies, cleft lip and palate, and reduced skeletal ossification.

NUSRING MOTHERS

8.3 Nursing Mothers Cyclophosphamide is present in breast milk.

Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, low hemoglobin, and diarrhea have been reported in infants breast fed by women treated with cyclophosphamide.

Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from cyclophosphamide, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

WARNING AND CAUTIONS

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Myelosuppression, Immunosuppression, Bone Marrow Failure and Infections – Severe immunosuppression may lead to serious and sometimes fatal infections.

Close hematological monitoring is required.

( 5.1 ) Urinary Tract and Renal Toxicity – Hemorrhagic cystitis, pyelitis, ureteritis, and hematuria can occur.

Exclude or correct any urinary tract obstructions prior to treatment.

( 5.2 ) Cardiotoxicity – Myocarditis, myopericarditis, pericardial effusion, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure, which may be fatal, have been reported.

Monitor patients, especially those with risk factors for cardiotoxicity or pre-existing cardiac disease.

( 5.3 ) Pulmonary Toxicity – Pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease leading to respiratory failure may occur.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity.

( 5.4 ) Secondary malignancies ( 5.5 ) Veno-occlusive Liver Disease – Fatal outcome can occur.

( 5.6 ) Embryo-Fetal Toxicity – Can cause fetal harm.

Advise female patients of reproductive potential to avoid pregnancy.

( 5.7 , 8.1 , 8.6 ) 5.1 Myelosuppression, Immunosuppression, Bone Marrow Failure and Infections Cyclophosphamide can cause myelosuppression (leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia), bone marrow failure, and severe immunosuppression which may lead to serious and sometimes fatal infections, including sepsis and septic shock.

Latent infections can be reactivated [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )].

Antimicrobial prophylaxis may be indicated in certain cases of neutropenia at the discretion of the managing physician.

In case of neutropenic fever, antibiotic therapy is indicated.

Antimycotics and/or antivirals may also be indicated.

Monitoring of complete blood counts is essential during cyclophosphamide treatment so that the dose can be adjusted, if needed.

Cyclophosphamide should not be administered to patients with neutrophils ≤1,500/mm 3 and platelets <50,000/mm 3 .

Cyclophosphamide treatment may not be indicated, or should be interrupted, or the dose reduced, in patients who have or who develop a serious infection.

G-CSF may be administered to reduce the risks of neutropenia complications associated with cyclophosphamide use.

Primary and secondary prophylaxis with G-CSF should be considered in all patients considered to be at increased risk for neutropenia complications.

The nadirs of the reduction in leukocyte count and thrombocyte count are usually reached in weeks 1 and 2 of treatment.

Peripheral blood cell counts are expected to normalize after approximately 20 days.

Bone marrow failure has been reported.

Severe myelosuppression may be expected particularly in patients pretreated with and/or receiving concomitant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

5.2 Urinary Tract and Renal Toxicity Hemorrhagic cystitis, pyelitis, ureteritis, and hematuria have been reported with cyclophosphamide.

Medical and/ or surgical supportive treatment may be required to treat protracted cases of severe hemorrhagic cystitis.

Discontinue cyclophosphamide therapy in case of severe hemorrhagic cystitis.

Urotoxicity (bladder ulceration, necrosis, fibrosis, contracture and secondary cancer) may require interruption of cyclophosphamide treatment or cystectomy.

Urotoxicity can be fatal.

Urotoxicity can occur with short-term or long-term use of cyclophosphamide.

Before starting treatment, exclude or correct any urinary tract obstructions [see Contraindications ( 4 )].

Urinary sediment should be checked regularly for the presence of erythrocytes and other signs of urotoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.

Cyclophosphamide should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with active urinary tract infections.

Aggressive hydration with forced diuresis and frequent bladder emptying can reduce the frequency and severity of bladder toxicity.

Mesna has been used to prevent severe bladder toxicity.

5.3 Cardiotoxicity Myocarditis, myopericarditis, pericardial effusion including cardiac tamponade, and congestive heart failure, which may be fatal, have been reported with cyclophosphamide therapy.

Supraventricular arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation and flutter) and ventricular arrhythmias (including severe QT prolongation associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmia) have been reported after treatment with regimens that included cyclophosphamide.

The risk of cardiotoxicity may be increased with high doses of cyclophosphamide, in patients with advanced age, and in patients with previous radiation treatment to the cardiac region and/or previous or concomitant treatment with other cardiotoxic agents.

Particular caution is necessary in patients with risk factors for cardiotoxicity and in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease.

Monitor patients with risk factors for cardiotoxicity and with pre-existing cardiac disease.

5.4 Pulmonary Toxicity Pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and other forms of pulmonary toxicity leading to respiratory failure have been reported during and following treatment with cyclophosphamide.

Late onset pneumonitis (greater than 6 months after start of cyclophosphamide) appears to be associated with increased mortality.

Pneumonitis may develop years after treatment with cyclophosphamide.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pulmonary toxicity.

5.5 Secondary Malignancies Cyclophosphamide is genotoxic [see Nonclinical Toxicology ( 13.1 )].

Secondary malignancies (urinary tract cancer, myelodysplasia, acute leukemias, lymphomas, thyroid cancer, and sarcomas) have been reported in patients treated with cyclophosphamide-containing regimens.

The risk of bladder cancer may be reduced by prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis.

5.6 Veno-occlusive Liver Disease Veno-occlusive liver disease (VOD) including fatal outcome has been reported in patients receiving cyclophosphamide­- containing regimens.

A cytoreductive regimen in preparation for bone marrow transplantation that consists of cyclophosphamide in combination with whole-body irradiation, busulfan, or other agents has been identified as a major risk factor.VOD has also been reported to develop gradually in patients receiving long-term low-dose immunosuppressive doses of cyclophosphamide.

Other risk factors predisposing to the development of VOD include preexisting disturbances of hepatic function, previous radiation therapy of the abdomen, and a low performance status.

5.7 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Cyclophosphamide can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )].

Exposure to cyclophosphamide during pregnancy may cause birth defects, miscarriage, fetal growth retardation, and fetotoxic effects in the newborn.

Cyclophosphamide is teratogenic and embryo-fetal toxic in mice, rats, rabbits and monkeys.

Advise female patients of reproductive potential to avoid becoming pregnant and to use highly effective contraception during treatment and for up to 1 year after completion of therapy [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.6 )].

5.8 Infertility Male and female reproductive function and fertility may be impaired in patients being treated with cyclophosphamide.

Cyclophosphamide interferes with oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

It may cause sterility in both sexes.

Development of sterility appears to depend on the dose of cyclophosphamide, duration of therapy, and the state of gonadal function at the time of treatment.

Cyclophosphamide-induced sterility may be irreversible in some patients.

Advise patients on the potential risks for infertility [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 and 8.6 )].

5.9 Impairment of Wound Healing Cyclophosphamide may interfere with normal wound healing.

5.10 Hyponatremia Hyponatremia associated with increased total body water, acute water intoxication, and a syndrome resembling SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone), which may be fatal, has been reported.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient of the following: Inform patients of the possibility of myelosuppression, immunosuppression, and infections.

Explain the need for routine blood cell counts.

Instruct patients to monitor their temperature frequently and immediately report any occurrence of fever [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] .

Advise the patient to report urinary symptoms (patients should report if their urine has turned a pink or red color) and the need for increasing fluid intake and frequent voiding [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] .

Advise patients to contact a healthcare professional immediately for any of the following: new onset or worsening shortness of breath, cough, swelling of the ankles/legs, palpitations, weight gain of more than 5 pounds in 24 hours, dizziness or loss of consciousness [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] .

Warn patients of the possibility of developing non-infectious pneumonitis.

Advise patients to report promptly any new or worsening respiratory symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] .

Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception during treatment and for up to 1year after completion of therapy.

There is a potential for harm to a fetus if a patient becomes pregnant during this period.

Patients should immediately contact their healthcare provider if they become pregnant or if pregnancy is suspected during this period [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] .

Advise male patients who are sexually active with a female partner who is or may become pregnant to use condoms during treatment and for up to 4 months after completion of therapy.

There is a potential for harm to a fetus if a patient fathers a child during this period.

Patients should immediately contact their healthcare provider if their female partner becomes pregnant or if pregnancy is suspected during this period [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.7 ) and Use in Specific Populations ( 8.1 )] .

Advise nursing mothers treated with cyclophosphamide to discontinue nursing or discontinue cyclophosphamide, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.3 )] .

Explain to patients that side effects such as nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, impaired wound healing, amenorrhea, premature menopause, sterility and hair loss may be associated with cyclophosphamide administration.

Other undesirable effects (including, e.g., dizziness, blurred vision, visual impairment) could affect the ability to drive or use machines [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 and 6.2 )] .

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2 During or immediately after the administration, adequate amounts of fluid should be ingested or infused to force diuresis in order to reduce the risk of urinary tract toxicity.

Therefore, cyclophosphamide should be administered in the morning.

Malignant Diseases: Adult and Pediatric Patients ( 2.1 ) Intravenous: Initial course for patients with no hematologic deficiency: 40 mg per kg to 50 mg per kg in divided doses over 2 to 5 days.

Other regimens include 10 mg per kg to 15 mg per kg given every 7 to 10 days or 3 mg per kg to 5 mg per kg twice weekly.

Oral: Usually 1 mg per kg per day to 5 mg per kg per day for both initial and maintenance dosing.

Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients ( 2.2 ) Recommended oral dose: 2 mg per kg daily for 8 to 12 weeks (maximum cumulative dose 168 mg per kg).

Treatment beyond 90 days increases the probability of sterility in males.

2.1 Dosing for Malignant Diseases Adults and Pediatric Patients Intravenous When used as the only oncolytic drug therapy, the initial course of cyclophosphamide for patients with no hematologic deficiency usually consists of 40 mg per kg to 50 mg per kg given intravenously in divided doses over a period of 2 to 5 days.

Other intravenous regimens include 10 mg per kg to 15 mg per kg given every 7 to 10 days or 3 mg per kg to 5 mg per kg twice weekly.

Oral Oral cyclophosphamide dosing is usually in the range of 1 mg per kg per day to 5 mg per kg per day for both initial and maintenance dosing.

Many other regimens of intravenous and oral cyclophosphamide have been reported.

Dosages must be adjusted in accord with evidence of antitumor activity and/ or leukopenia.

The total leukocyte count is a good, objective guide for regulating dosage.

When cyclophosphamide is included in combined cytotoxic regimens, it may be necessary to reduce the dose of cyclophosphamide as well as that of the other drugs.

2.2 Dosing for Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients An oral dose of 2 mg per kg daily for 8 to 12 weeks (maximum cumulative dose 168 mg per kg) is recommended.

Treatment beyond 90 days increases the probability of sterility in males [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )].

2.3 Preparation, Handling and Administration Handle and dispose of cyclophosphamide in a manner consistent with other cytotoxic drugs.

1 Caution should be exercised when handling and preparing Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP.

To minimize the risk of dermal exposure, always wear gloves when handling vials containing Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP.

Cyclophosphamide for Injection, USP Intravenous Administration Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

Do not use cyclophosphamide vials if there are signs of melting.

Melted cyclophosphamide is a clear or yellowish viscous liquid usually found as a connected phase or in droplets in the affected vials.

Cyclophosphamide does not contain any antimicrobial preservative and thus care must be taken to assure the sterility of prepared solutions.

Use aseptic technique.

For Direct Intravenous Injection Reconstitute Cyclophosphamide with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP only, using the volumes listed below in Table 1.

Shake the vial vigorously to dissolve the drug completely.

Do not use Sterile Water for Injection, USP because it results in a hypotonic solution and should not be injected directly.

Table 1: Reconstitution for Direct Intravenous Injection Strength Volume of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Cyclophosphamide Concentration 500 mg 25 mL 20 mg per mL 1 g 50 mL 2 g 100 mL For Intravenous Infusion Reconstitution of Cyclophosphamide: Reconstitute Cyclophosphamide using 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP or Sterile Water for Injection, USP with the volume of diluent listed below in Table 2.

Add the diluent to the vial and shake it vigorously to dissolve the drug completely.

Table 2: Reconstitution in preparation for Intravenous Infusion Strength Volume of Diluent Cyclophosphamide Concentration 500 mg 25 mL 20 mg per mL 1 g 50 mL 2 g 100 mL Dilution of Reconstituted Cyclophosphamide: Further dilute the reconstituted Cyclophosphamide solution to a minimum concentration of 2 mg per mL with any of the following diluents: 5% Dextrose Injection, USP 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP To reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions that appear to be administration rate-dependent (e.g., facial swelling, headache, nasal congestion, scalp burning), cyclophosphamide should be injected or infused very slowly.

Duration of the infusion also should be appropriate for the volume and type of carrier fluid to be infused.

Storage of Reconstituted and Diluted Cyclophosphamide Solution: If not used immediately, for microbiological integrity, cyclophosphamide solutions should be stored as described in Table 3.

Table 3: Storage of Cyclophosphamide Solutions Diluent Storage Room Temperature Refrigerated Reconstituted Solution (Without Further Dilution) 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP up to 24 hrs up to 6 days Sterile Water for Injection, USP Do not store; use immediately Diluted Solutions Storage time is the total time cyclophosphamide is in solution including the time it is reconstituted in 0.9% Sterile Sodium Chloride Injection, USP or Sterile Water for Injection, USP.

0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP up to 24 hrs up to 6 days 5% Dextrose Injection, USP up to 24 hrs up to 36 hrs 5% Dextrose and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP up to 24 hrs up to 36 hrs Use of Reconstituted Solution for Oral Administration Liquid preparations of cyclophosphamide for oral administration may be prepared by dissolving cyclophosphamide for injection in Aromatic Elixir, National Formulary (NF).

Such preparations should be stored under refrigeration in glass containers and used within 14 days.

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WARNINGS

See BOXED .

The use of unopposed estrogens in women who have a uterus is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

1.

Cardiovascular Disorders Estrogen and estrogen/progestin therapy has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, as well as venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (venous thromboembolism or VTE).

Should any of these occur or be suspected, estrogens should be discontinued immediately.

Risk factors for arterial vascular disease (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity) and/or venous thromboembolism (e.g., personal history or family history of VTE, obesity, and systemic lupus erythematosus) should be managed appropriately.

a.

Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke In the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study, an increase in the number of myocardial infarctions and strokes has been observed in women receiving CE compared to placebo.

These observations are preliminary.

(See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies ).

In the CE/MPA substudy of WHI an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events (defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction and CHD death) was observed in women receiving CE/MPA compared to women receiving placebo (37 vs 30 per 10,000 women-years).

The increase in risk was observed in year one and persisted.

In the same substudy of WHI, an increased risk of stroke was observed in women receiving CE/MPA compared to women receiving placebo (29 vs 21 per 10,000 women-years).

The increase in risk was observed after the first year and persisted.

In postmenopausal women with documented heart disease (n = 2,763, average age 66.7 years), a controlled clinical trial of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study; HERS) treatment with CE/MPA-0.625 mg/ 2.5 mg per day demonstrated no cardiovascular benefit.

During an average follow-up of 4.1 years, treatment with CE/MPA did not reduce the overall rate of CHD events in postmenopausal women with established coronary heart disease.

There were more CHD events in the CE/MPA-treated group than in the placebo group in year 1, but not during the subsequent years.

Two thousand three hundred and twenty-one women from the original HERS trial agreed to participate in an open label extension of HERS, HERS II.

Average follow-up in HERS II was an additional 2.7 years, for a total of 6.8 years overall.

Rates of CHD events were comparable among women in the CE/MPA group and the placebo group in HERS, HERS II, and overall.

Large doses of estrogen (5 mg conjugated estrogens per day), comparable to those used to treat cancer of the prostate and breast, have been shown in a large prospective clinical trial in men to increase the risks of non-fatal myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and thrombophlebitis.

b.

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) In the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study, an increase in VTE has been observed in women receiving CE compared to placebo.

These observations are preliminary (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies ).

In the CE/MPA substudy of WHI, a 2-fold greater rate of VTE, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, was observed in women receiving CE/MPA compared to women receiving placebo.

The rate of VTE was 34 per 10,000 women-years in the CE/MPA group compared to 16 per 10,000 women-years in the placebo group.

The increase in VTE risk was observed during the first year and persisted.

If feasible, estrogens should be discontinued at least 4 to 6 weeks before surgery of the type associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, or during periods of prolonged immobilization.

2.

Malignant Neoplasms a.

Endometrial Cancer The use of unopposed estrogens in women with intact uteri has been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

The reported endometrial cancer risk among unopposed estrogen users is about 2- to 12-fold greater than in non-users and appears dependent on duration of treatment and on estrogen dose.

Most studies show no significant increased risk associated with the use of estrogens for less than 1 year.

The greatest risk appears to be associated with prolonged use with increased risks of 15- to 24-fold for five to ten years or more, and this risk has been shown to persist for at least 8 to 15 years after estrogen therapy is discontinued.

Clinical surveillance of all women taking estrogen/progestin combinations is important.

Adequate diagnostic measures, including endometrial sampling when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in all cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding.

There is no evidence that the use of natural estrogens results in a different endometrial risk profile than synthetic estrogens of equivalent estrogen dose.

Adding a progestin to estrogen therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia, which may be a precursor to endometrial cancer.

b.

Breast Cancer The use of estrogens and progestins by postmenopausal women has been reported to increase the risk of breast cancer.

The most important randomized clinical trial providing information about this issue is the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) substudy of CE/MPA (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies ).

The results from observational studies are generally consistent with those of the WHI clinical trial and report no significant variation in the risk of breast cancer among different estrogens or progestins, doses, or routes of administration.

The CE/MPA substudy of WHI reported an increased risk of breast cancer in women who took CE/MPA for a mean follow-up of 5.6 years.

Observational studies have also reported an increased risk for estrogen/progestin combination therapy, and a smaller increased risk for estrogen alone therapy, after several years of use.

In the WHI trial and from observational studies, the excess risk increased with duration of use.

From observational studies, the risk appeared to return to baseline in about five years after stopping treatment.

In addition, observational studies suggest that the risk of breast cancer was greater, and became apparent earlier, with estrogen/progestin combination therapy as compared to estrogen alone therapy.

In the CE/MPA substudy, 26% of the women reported prior use of estrogen alone and/or estrogen/progestin combination hormone therapy.

After a mean follow-up of 5.6 years during the clinical trial, the overall relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.54), and the overall absolute risk was 41 vs 33 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE/MPA compared with placebo.

Among women who reported prior use of hormone therapy, the relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.86, and the absolute risk was 46 vs 25 cases per 10,000 women-years, for CE/MPA compared with placebo.

Among women who reported no prior use of hormone therapy, the relative risk of invasive breast cancer was 1.09, and the absolute risk was 40 vs 36 cases per 10,000 women-years for CE/MPA compared with placebo.

In the same substudy, invasive breast cancers were larger and diagnosed at a more advanced stage in the CE/MPA group compared with the placebo group.

Metastatic disease was rare with no apparent difference between the two groups.

Other prognostic factors such as histologic subtype, grade and hormone receptor status did not differ between the groups.

The use of estrogen plus progestin has been reported to result in an increase in abnormal mammograms requiring further evaluation.

All women should receive yearly breast examinations by a healthcare provider and perform monthly breast self-examinations.

In addition, mammography examinations should be scheduled based on patient age, risk factors, and prior mammogram results.

3.

Dementia In the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), 4,532 generally healthy postmenopausal women 65 years of age and older were studied, of whom 35% were 70 to 74 years of age and 18% were 75 or older.

After an average follow-up of 4 years, 40 women being treated with CE/MPA (1.8%, n = 2,229) and 21 women in the placebo group (0.9%, n = 2,303) received diagnoses of probable dementia.

The relative risk for CE/MPA vs placebo was 2.05 (95% confidence interval 1.21 – 3.48), and was similar for women with and without histories of menopausal hormone use before WHIMS.

The absolute risk of probable dementia for CE/MPA vs placebo was 45 vs 22 cases per 10,000 women-years, and the absolute excess risk for CE/MPA was 23 cases per 10,000 women-years.

It is unknown whether these findings apply to younger postmenopausal women.

(See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies and PRECAUTIONS, Geriatric Use .) It is unknown whether these findings apply to estrogen alone therapy.

4.

Gallbladder Disease A 2- to 4-fold increase in the risk of gallbladder disease requiring surgery in postmenopausal women receiving estrogens has been reported.

5.

Hypercalcemia Administration of estrogen may lead to severe hypercalcemia in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases.

If hypercalcemia occurs, use of the drug should be stopped and appropriate measures taken to reduce the serum calcium level.

6.

Visual A bnormalities Retinal vascular thrombosis has been reported in patients receiving estrogens.

Discontinue medication pending examination if there is sudden partial or complete loss of vision, or a sudden onset of proptosis, diplopia, or migraine.

If examination reveals papilledema or retinal vascular lesions, estrogens should be permanently discontinued.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Drug Interactions In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that estrogens are metabolized partially by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).

Therefore, inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4 may affect estrogen drug metabolism.

Inducers of CYP3A4 such as St.

John’s Wort preparations (Hypericum perforatum), phenobarbital, carbamazepine and rifampin may reduce plasma concentrations of estrogens, possibly resulting in a decrease in therapeutic effects and/or changes in the uterine bleeding profile.

Inhibitors of CYP3A4 such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir and grapefruit juice may increase plasma concentrations of estrogens and may result in side effects.

OVERDOSAGE

Serious ill effects have not been reported following acute ingestion of large doses of estrogen-containing drug products by young children.

Overdosage of estrogen may cause nausea and vomiting, and withdrawal bleeding may occur in females.

DESCRIPTION

Vivelle-Dot ® (estradiol transdermal system) contains estradiol in a multipolymeric adhesive.

The system is designed to release estradiol continuously upon application to intact skin.

Five dosage strengths of Vivelle-Dot are available to provide nominal in vivo delivery rates of 0.025, 0.0375, 0.05, 0.075, or 0.1 mg of estradiol per day via the skin.

Each corresponding system has an active surface area of 2.5, 3.75, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 cm 2 and contains 0.39, 0.585, 0.78, 1.17, or 1.56 mg of estradiol USP, respectively.

The composition of the systems per unit area is identical.

Estradiol USP is a white, crystalline powder, chemically described as estra-1,3,5 (10)-triene-3,17β-diol.

The structural formula is The molecular formula of estradiol is C 18 H 24 0 2 .

The molecular weight is 272.39.

Vivelle-Dot is comprised of three layers.

Proceeding from the visible surface toward the surface attached to the skin, these layers are (1) a translucent polyolefin film (2) an adhesive formulation containing estradiol, acrylic adhesive, silicone adhesive, oleyl alcohol, NF, povidone, USP and dipropylene glycol, and (3) a polyester release liner which is attached to the adhesive surface and must be removed before the system can be used.

—– (1) Backing —– (2) Adhesive Containing Estradiol —– (3) Protective Liner The active component of the system is estradiol.

The remaining components of the system are pharmacologically inactive.

Estradiol structural formula Vivelle-Dot layer image

CLINICAL STUDIES

Clinical Studies Effects on vasomotor symptoms In a pharmacokinetic study, Vivelle-Dot was shown to be bioequivalent to Vivelle.

In two controlled clinical trials with Vivelle, of 356 subjects, the 0.075 and 0.1 mg doses were superior to placebo in relieving vasomotor symptoms at Week 4, and maintained efficacy through Weeks 8 and 12 of treatment.

In this original study, the 0.0375 and 0.05 mg doses, however, did not differ from placebo until approximately Week 6, therefore, an additional 12-week placebo-controlled study in 255 patients was performed with Vivelle to establish the efficacy of the lowest dose of 0.0375 mg.

The baseline mean daily number of hot flushes in these 255 patients was 11.5.

Results at Weeks 4, 8, and 12 of treatment are shown in the figure below.

(See Figure 2.) Figure 2 Mean (SD) change from baseline in mean daily number of flushes for Vivelle® 0.0375 mg versus Placebo in a 12-week trial.

The 0.0375 mg dose was superior to placebo in reducing both the frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms at Week 4 and maintained efficacy through Weeks 8 and 12 of treatment.

All doses of Vivelle (0.0375 mg, 0.05 mg, 0.075 mg, and 0.1 mg) are effective for the control of vasomotor symptoms.

Effects on bone mineral density Efficacy and safety of Vivelle in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis have been studied in a 2-year double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group study.

A total of 261 hysterectomized (161) and non-hysterectomized (100), surgically or naturally menopausal women (within 5 years of menopause), with no evidence of osteoporosis (lumbar spine bone mineral density within 2 standard deviations of average peak bone mass, i.e., ≥0.827 g/cm 2 ) were enrolled in this study; 194 patients were randomized to one of the four doses of Vivelle (0.1, 0.05, 0.0375, or 0.025 mg/day) and 67 patients to placebo.

Over 2 years, study systems were applied to the buttock or the abdomen twice a week.

Non-hysterectomized women received oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg/day) throughout the study.

The study population comprised naturally (82%) or surgically (18%) menopausal, hysterectomized (61%) or non-hysterectomized (39%) women with a mean age of 52.0 years (range 27 to 62 years); the mean duration of menopause was 31.7 months (range 2 to 72 months).

Two hundred thirty-two (89%) of randomized subjects (173 on active drug, 59 on placebo) contributed data to the analysis of percent change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) of the AP lumbar spine, the primary efficacy variable.

Patients were given supplemental dietary calcium (1000 mg elemental calcium/day) but no supplemental vitamin D.

There was an increase in BMD of the AP lumbar spine in all Vivelle dose groups; in contrast to this, a decrease in AP lumbar spine BMD was observed in placebo patients.

All Vivelle doses were significantly superior to placebo (p<0.05) at all time points with the exception of Vivelle 0.05 mg/day at 6 months.

The highest dose of Vivelle was superior to the three lower doses.

There were no statistically significant differences in pairwise comparisons among the three lower doses.

(See Figure 3.) Figure 3 Bone mineral density – AP Lumbar spine Least squares means of percentage change from baseline All randomized patients with at least one post-baseline assessment available with last post-baseline observation carried forward Analysis of percent change from baseline in femoral neck BMD, a secondary efficacy outcome variable, showed qualitatively similar results; all doses of Vivelle were significantly superior to placebo (p<0.05) at 24 months.

The highest Vivelle dose was superior to placebo at all time points.

A mixture of significant and non-significant results were obtained for the lower dose groups at earlier time points.

The highest Vivelle dose was superior to the three lower doses, and there were no significant differences among the three lower doses at this skeletal site.

(See Figure 4.) Figure 4 Bone mineral density – Femoral neck Least squares means of percentage change from baseline All randomized patients with at least one post-baseline assessment available with last post-baseline observation carried forward The mean serum osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) and urinary excretion of cross-link N-telopeptides of Type 1 collagen (a marker of bone resorption) decreased numerically in most of the active treatment groups relative to baseline.

However, the decreases in both markers were inconsistent across treatment groups and the differences between active treatment groups and placebo were not statistically significant.

Women’s Health Initiative Studies The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled a total of 27,000 predominantly healthy postmenopausal women to assess the risks and benefits of the use of oral 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens (CE) per day alone or the use of oral 0.625 mg conjugated estrogens plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) per day compared to placebo in the prevention of certain chronic diseases.

The primary endpoint was the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) (non-fatal myocardial infarction and CHD death), with invasive breast cancer as the primary adverse outcome studied.

A “global index” included the earliest occurrence of CHD, invasive breast cancer, stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, hip fracture, or death due to other causes.

The study did not evaluate the effects of CE or CE/MPA on menopausal symptoms.

The CE/MPA substudy was stopped early because, according to the predefined stopping rule, the increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular events exceeded the specified benefits included in the “global index”.

Results of the CE/MPA substudy, which included 16,608 women (average age of 63 years, range 50 to 79, 83.9% White, 6.5% Black, 5.5% Hispanic), after an average follow-up of 5.2 years are presented in Table 2 below.

Table 2 Relative and Absolute Risk Seen in the CE/MPA Substudy of WHI a Event C RelativeRisk CE/MPAvs.

Placebo at 5.2 Years (95% CI*) Placebo n= 8102 Absolute Risk per 10,000 Women-Years CE/MPA n= 8506 CHD events 1.29 (1.02-1.63) 30 37 Non-fatal MI 1.32 (1.02-1.72) 23 30 CHD death 1.18 (0.70-1.97) 6 7 Invasive breast cancer b 1.26 (1.00-1.59) 30 38 Stroke 1.41 (1.07-1.85) 21 29 Pulmonary embolism 2.13 (1.39-3.25) 8 16 Colorectal cancer 0.63 (0.43-0.92) 16 10 Endometrial cancer 0.83 (0.47-1.47) 6 5 Hip fracture 0.66 (0.45-0.98) 15 10 Death due to causes other than the events above 0.92 (0.74-1.14) 40 37 Global index c 1.15 (1.03-1.28) 151 170 Deep vein thrombosis d 2.07 (1.49-2.87) 13 26 Vertebral fractures d 0.66 (0.44-0.98) 15 9 Other osteoporotic fractures d 0.77 (0.69-0.86) 170 131 a Adapted from JAMA, 2002: 288: 321-333 b Includes metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer with the exception of in situ breast cancer c A subset of the events was combined in a “global index”, defined as the earliest occurrence of CHD events, invasive breast cancer, stroke, pulmonary embolism, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer, hip fracture, or death due to other causes d Not included in Global index * Nominal confidence intervals unadjusted for multiple looks and multiple comparisons For those outcomes included in the “global index”, absolute excess risks per 10,000 women-years in the group treated with CE/MPA were 7 more CHD events, 8 more strokes, 8 more PEs, and 8 more invasive breast cancers, while absolute risk reductions per 10,000 women-years were 6 fewer colorectal cancers and 5 fewer hip fractures.

The absolute excess risk of events included in the “global index” was 19 per 10,000 women-years.

There was no difference between the groups in terms of all-cause mortality (See BOXED WARNINGS, WARNINGS , and PRECAUTIONS .) Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), a substudy of WHI, enrolled 4,532 predominantly healthy postmenopausal women 65 years of age and older (47% were age 65 to 69 years, 35% were 70 to 74 years, and 18% were 75 years of age and older) to evaluate the effects of CE/MPA (0.625 mg conjugated estrogens plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate) on the incidence of probable dementia (primary outcome) compared with placebo.

After an average follow-up of 4 years, 40 women in the estrogen/progestin group (45 per 10,000 women-years) and 21 in the placebo group (22 per 10,000 women-years) were diagnosed with probable dementia.

The relative risk of probable dementia in the hormone therapy group was 2.05 (95% CI, 1.21 to 3.48) compared to placebo.

Differences between groups became apparent in the first year of treatment.

It is unknown whether these findings apply to younger postmenopausal women.

(See B OXED WARNINGS and WARNINGS, Dementia .)

HOW SUPPLIED

Vivelle -Dot ® (estradiol transdermal system), 0.0375 mg/day – each 3.75 cm 2 system contains 0.585 mg of estradiol USP for nominal* delivery of 0.0375 mg of estradiol per day.

Patient Calendar Pack of 8 Systems……………………………………….NDC 54868-4920-0 Vivelle -Dot ® (estradiol transdermal system), 0.05 mg/day – each 5.0 cm 2 system contains 0.78 mg of estradiol USP for nominal* delivery of 0.05 mg of estradiol per day.

Patient Calendar Pack of 8 Systems……………………………………….NDC 54868-4242-0 Vivelle -Dot ® (estradiol transdermal system), 0.075 mg/day – each 7.5 cm 2 system contains 1.17 mg of estradiol USP for nominal* delivery of 0.075 mg of estradiol per day.

Patient Calendar Pack of 8 Systems……………………………………….NDC 54868-4243-0 Vivelle -Dot ® (estradiol transdermal system), 0.1 mg/day – each 10.0 cm 2 system contains 1.56 mg of estradiol USP for nominal* delivery of 0.1 mg of estradiol per day.

Patient Calendar Pack of 8 Systems……………………………………….NDC 54868-4244-0 ________________________________________ *See DESCRIPTION.

Store at controlled room temperature at 25ºC (77°F).

Do not store unpouched.

Apply immediately upon removal from the protective pouch.

REV: AUGUST 2004 T2004-65

GERIATRIC USE

I.

Geriatric Use.

The safety and effectiveness in geriatric patients have not been established.

In the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study, including 4,532 women 65 years of age and older, followed for an average of 4 years, 82% (n = 3,729) were 65 to 74 while 18% (n = 803) were 75 and over.

Most women (80%) had no prior hormone therapy use.

Women treated with conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate were reported to have a two-fold increase in the risk of developing probable dementia.

Alzheimer’s disease was the most common classification of probable dementia in both the conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate group and the placebo group.

Ninety percent of the cases of probable dementia occurred in the 54% of women that were older than 70.

(See WARNINGS, Dementia .) It is unknown whether these findings apply to estrogen alone therapy.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Vivelle-Dot ® (estradiol transdermal system) is indicated in: Treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with the menopause.

Treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy associated with the menopause.

When prescribing solely for the treatment of symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy, topical vaginal products should be considered.

Treatment of hypoestrogenism due to hypogonadism, castration, or primary ovarian failure.

Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

When prescribing solely for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, therapy should only be considered for women at significant risk of osteoporosis and non-estrogen medications should be carefully considered.

The mainstays for decreasing the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis are weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and when indicated, pharmacologic therapy.

Postmenopausal women require an average of 1500 mg/day of elemental calcium.

Therefore, when not contraindicated, calcium supplementation may be helpful for women with suboptimal dietary intake.

Vitamin D supplementation of 400-800 IU/day may also be required to ensure adequate daily intake in postmenopausal women.

PEDIATRIC USE

H.

Pediatric Use.

Estrogen therapy has been used for the induction of puberty in adolescents with some forms of pubertal delay.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not otherwise been established.

Large and repeated doses of estrogen over an extended time period have been shown to accelerate epiphyseal closure, which could result in short adult stature if treatment is initiated before the completion of physiologic puberty in normally developing children.

If estrogen is administered to patients whose bone growth is not complete, periodic monitoring of bone maturation and effects on epiphyseal centers is recommended during estrogen administration.

Estrogen treatment of prepubertal girls also induces premature breast development and vaginal cornification, and may induce vaginal bleeding.

(See INDICATIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .)

PREGNANCY

F.

Pregnancy.

Vivelle-Dot should not be used during pregnancy.

(See CONTRAINDICATIONS .)

NUSRING MOTHERS

G.

Nursing Mothers.

Estrogen administration to nursing mothers has been shown to decrease the quantity and quality of the milk.

Detectable amounts of estrogens have been identified in the milk of mothers receiving this drug.

Caution should be exercised when Vivelle-Dot is administered to a nursing woman.

BOXED WARNING

ESTROGENS INCREASE THE RISK OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER Close clinical surveillance of all women taking estrogens is important.

Adequate diagnostic measures, including endometrial sampling when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in all cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding.

There is no evidence that the use of “natural” estrogens results in a different endometrial risk profile than synthetic estrogens at equivalent estrogen doses.

(See WARNINGS, Malignant Neoplasms, Endometrial Cancer .) CARDIOVASCULAR AND OTHER RISKS Estrogens with or without progestins should not be used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

(See WARNINGS, Cardiovascular Disorders.

) The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study reported increased risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, invasive breast cancer, pulmonary emboli, and deep vein thrombosis in postmenopausal women (50 to 79 years of age), during 5 years of treatment with oral conjugated estrogens (CE 0.625 mg) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA 2.5 mg) relative to placebo (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY , Clinical Studies ).

The Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), a substudy of WHI, reported increased risk of developing probable dementia in postmenopausal women 65 years of age or older during 4 years of treatment with oral conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate relative to placebo.

It is unknown whether this finding applies to younger postmenopausal women or to women taking estrogen alone therapy.

(See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies .) Other doses of oral conjugated estrogens with medroxyprogesterone acetate, and other combinations and dosage forms of estrogens and progestins were not studied in the WHI clinical trials and, in the absence of comparable data, these risks should be assumed to be similar.

Because of these risks, estrogens with or without progestins should be prescribed at the lowest effective doses and for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman.

INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS

B.

Patient Information.

Physicians are advised to discuss the Patient Information leaflet with patients for whom they prescribe Vivelle-Dot ® (estradiol transdermal system).

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The adhesive side of Vivelle-Dot ® (estradiol transdermal system) should be placed on a clean, dry area of the abdomen.

Vivelle -Dot should not be applied to the breasts.

Vivelle-Dot should be replaced twice weekly.

The sites of application must be rotated, with an interval of at least 1 week allowed between applications to a particular site.

The area selected should not be oily, damaged, or irritated.

The waistline should be avoided, since tight clothing may rub the system off.

The system should be applied immediately after opening the pouch and removing the protective liner.

The system should be pressed firmly in place with the palm of the hand for about 10 seconds, making sure there is good contact, especially around the edges.

In the event that a system should fall off, the same system may be reapplied.

If the same system cannot be reapplied, a new system should be applied to another location.

In either case, the original treatment schedule should be continued.

If a woman has forgotten to apply a patch, she should apply a new patch as soon as possible.

The new patch should be applied on the original treatment schedule.

The interruption of treatment in women taking Vivelle-Dot might increase the likelihood of breakthrough bleeding, spotting and recurrence of symptoms.

Initiation of Therapy When estrogen is prescribed for a postmenopausal woman with a uterus, progestin should also be initiated to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.

A woman without a uterus does not need progestin.

Use of estrogen alone or in combination with a progestin, should be with the lowest effective dose and the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals and risks for the individual woman.

Patients should be reevaluated periodically as clinically appropriate (e.g., 3-month to 6-month intervals) to determine whether treatment is still necessary (see BOXED WARNINGS and WARNINGS ).

For women who have a uterus, adequate diagnostic measures, such as endometrial sampling, when indicated, should be undertaken to rule out malignancy in cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurring abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Patients should be started at the lowest dose.

The lowest effective dose of Vivelle-Dot has not been determined for any indication.

For treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and vulvar and vaginal atrophy associated with the menopause, start therapy with Vivelle-Dot 0.0375 mg/day applied to the skin twice weekly.

For the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, start therapy with Vivelle-Dot 0.025 mg/day applied to the skin twice weekly.

The dosage may be adjusted as necessary.

Reproductive system-associated adverse events were encountered more frequently in the highest dose group (0.1 mg/day) than in other active treatment groups or in placebo-treated patients.

In women not currently taking oral estrogens or in women switching from another estradiol transdermal therapy, treatment with Vivelle-Dot may be initiated at once.

In women who are currently taking oral estrogens, treatment with Vivelle-Dot should be initiated 1 week after withdrawal of oral hormone therapy, or sooner if menopausal symptoms reappear in less than 1 week.

Therapeutic Regimen Vivelle-Dot may be given continuously in patients who do not have an intact uterus.

In those patients with an intact uterus, Vivelle-Dot may be given on a cyclic schedule (e.g., three weeks on drug followed by one week off drug).

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WARNINGS

Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects from oral contraceptive use.

This risk increases with age and with heavy smoking (15 or more cigarettes per day) and is quite marked in women over 35 years of age.

Women who use oral contraceptives should be strongly advised not to smoke .

The use of oral contraceptives is associated with increased risks of several serious conditions including myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, stroke, hepatic neoplasia, and gallbladder disease, although the risk of serious morbidity or mortality is very small in healthy women without underlying risk factors.

The risk of morbidity and mortality increases significantly in the presence of other underlying risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemias, obesity, and diabetes.

Practitioners prescribing oral contraceptives should be familiar with the following information relating to these risks.

The information contained in this package insert is principally based on studies carried out in patients who used oral contraceptives with higher formulations of estrogens and progestogens than those in common use today.

The effect of long-term use of the oral contraceptives with lower formulations of both estrogens and progestogens remains to be determined.

Throughout this labeling, epidemiological studies reported are of two types: retrospective or case control studies and prospective or cohort studies.

Case control studies provide a measure of the relative risk of a disease, namely, a ratio of the incidence of a disease among oral contraceptive users to that among non-users.

The relative risk does not provide information on the actual clinical occurrence of a disease.

Cohort studies provide a measure of attributable risk, which is the difference in the incidence of disease between oral contraceptive users and nonusers.

The attributable risk does provide information about the actual occurrence of a disease in the population (adapted from References 8 and 9 with the author’s permission).

For further information, the reader is referred to a text on epidemiological methods.

1.

Thromboembolic Disorders and Other Vascular Problems a.

Myocardial infarction An increased risk of myocardial infarction has been attributed to oral contraceptive use.

This risk is primarily in smokers or women with other underlying risk factors for coronary artery disease such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, morbid obesity, and diabetes.

The relative risk of heart attack for current oral contraceptive users has been estimated to be two to six.

The risk is very low under the age of 30.

Smoking in combination with oral contraceptive use has been shown to contribute substantially to the incidence of myocardial infarctions in women in their mid-thirties or older with smoking accounting for the majority of excess cases.

Mortality rates associated with circulatory disease have been shown to increase substantially in smokers over the age of 35 and non-smokers over the age of 40 (Figure 3) among women who use oral contraceptives.

Oral contraceptives may compound the effects of well-known risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemias, age and obesity.

In particular, some progestogens are known to decrease HDL cholesterol and cause glucose intolerance, while estrogens may create a state of hyperinsulinism.

Oral contraceptives have been shown to increase blood pressure among users (see section 9 in ).

Similar effects on risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

Oral contraceptives must be used with caution in women with cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Mortality Rates b.

Thromboembolism An increased risk of thromboembolic and thrombotic disease associated with the use of oral contraceptives is well established.

Case control studies have found the relative risk of users compared to nonusers to be 3 for the first episode of superficial venous thrombosis, 4 to 11 for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and 1.5 to 6 for women with predisposing conditions for venous thromboembolic disease.

Cohort studies have shown the relative risk to be somewhat lower, about 3 for new cases and about 4.5 for new cases requiring hospitalization.

The risk of thromboembolic disease due to oral contraceptives is not related to length of use and disappears after pill use is stopped.

A two- to four-fold increase in relative risk of postoperative thromboembolic complications has been reported with the use of oral contraceptives.

The relative risk of venous thrombosis in women who have predisposing conditions is twice that of women without such medical conditions.

If feasible, oral contraceptives should be discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to and for 2 weeks after elective surgery of a type associated with an increase in risk of thromboembolism and during and following prolonged immobilization.

Since the immediate postpartum period is also associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, oral contraceptives should be started no earlier than 4 to 6 weeks after delivery in women who elect not to breast feed.

c.

Cerebrovascular disease Oral contraceptives have been shown to increase both the relative and attributable risks of cerebrovascular events (thrombotic and hemorrhagic strokes), although, in general, the risk is greatest among older (>35 years) hypertensive women who also smoke.

Hypertension was found to be a risk factor for both users and nonusers, for both types of strokes, while smoking interacted to increase the risk for hemorrhagic strokes.

In a large study, the relative risk of thrombotic strokes has been shown to range from 3 for normotensive users to 14 for users with severe hypertension.

The relative risk of hemorrhagic stroke is reported to be 1.2 for non-smokers who used oral contraceptives, 2.6 for smokers who did not use oral contraceptives, 7.6 for smokers who used oral contraceptives, 1.8 for normotensive users, and 25.7 for users with severe hypertension.

The attributable risk is also greater in older women.

d.

Dose-related risk of vascular disease from oral contraceptives A positive association has been observed between the amount of estrogen and progestogen in oral contraceptives and the risk of vascular disease.

A decline in serum high-density lipoproteins (HDL) has been reported with many progestational agents.

A decline in serum high-density lipoproteins has been associated with an increased incidence of ischemic heart disease.

Because estrogens increase HDL cholesterol, the net effect of an oral contraceptive depends on a balance achieved between doses of estrogen and progestin and the nature of the progestin used in the contraceptives.

The amount and activity of both hormones should be considered in the choice of an oral contraceptive.

Minimizing exposure to estrogen and progestogen is in keeping with good principles of therapeutics.

For any particular oral contraceptive, the dosage regimen prescribed should be one which contains the least amount of estrogen and progestogen that is compatible with the needs of the individual patient.

New acceptors of oral contraceptive agents should be started on preparations containing the lowest dose of estrogen which produces satisfactory results for the patient.

e.

Persistence of risk of vascular disease There are two studies which have shown persistence of risk of vascular disease for ever-users of oral contraceptives.

In a study in the United States, the risk of developing myocardial infarction after discontinuing oral contraceptives persists for at least 9 years for women 40-49 years who had used oral contraceptives for 5 or more years, but this increased risk was not demonstrated in other age groups.

In another study in Great Britain, the risk of developing cerebrovascular disease persisted for at least 6 years after discontinuation of oral contraceptives, although excess risk was very small.

However, both studies were performed with oral contraceptive formulations containing 50 mcg or higher of estrogens.

2.

Estimates of Mortality from Contraceptive Use One study gathered data from a variety of sources which have estimated the mortality rate associated with different methods of contraception at different ages (Table 4).

These estimates include the combined risk of death associated with contraceptive methods plus the risk attributable to pregnancy in the event of method failure.

Each method of contraception has its specific benefits and risks.

The study concluded that with the exception of oral contraceptive users 35 and older who smoke and 40 and older who do not smoke, mortality associated with all methods of birth control is low and below that associated with childbirth.

The observation of a possible increase in risk of mortality with age for oral contraceptive users is based on data gathered in the 1970’s but not reported until 1983.

However, current clinical practice involves the use of lower estrogen dose formulations combined with careful restriction of oral contraceptive use to women who do not have the various risk factors listed in this labeling.

Because of these changes in practice and, also, because of some limited new data which suggest that the risk of cardiovascular disease with the use of oral contraceptives may now be less than previously observed (Porter JB, Hunter J, Jick H, et al.

Oral contraceptives and nonfatal vascular disease.

Obstet Gynecol 1985;66:1-4; and Porter JB, Hershel J, Walker AM.

Mortality among oral contraceptive users.

Obstet Gynecol 1987;70:29-32), the Fertility and Maternal Health Drugs Advisory Committee was asked to review the topic in 1989.

The Committee concluded that although cardiovascular disease risks may be increased with oral contraceptive use after age 40 in healthy nonsmoking women (even with the newer low-dose formulations), there are greater potential health risks associated with pregnancy in older women and with the alternative surgical and medical procedures which may be necessary if such women do not have access to effective and acceptable means of contraception.

Therefore, the Committee recommended that the benefits of oral contraceptive use by healthy nonsmoking women over 40 may outweigh the possible risks.

Of course, older women, as all women who take oral contraceptives, should take the lowest possible dose formulation that is effective.

Table 4.

Annual Number of Birth-Related or Method-Related Deaths Associated with Control of Fertility Per 100,000 Nonsterile Women by Fertility Control Method According to Age Method of control and outcome 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 No fertility control methods * 7.0 7.4 9.1 14.8 25.7 28.2 Oral contraceptives non-smoker ** 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.9 13.8 31.6 Oral contraceptives smoker ** 2.2 3.4 6.6 13.5 51.1 117.2 IUD ** 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4 Condom * 1.1 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 Diaphragm/spermicide * 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.2 2.8 Periodic abstinence * 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.9 3.6 * Deaths are birth related.

** Deaths are method related.

Adapted from H.W.

Ory 3.

Carcinoma of the Reproductive Organs and Breasts Epidemiologic studies have been conducted examining the relationship between combination oral contraceptives and breast cancer.

Norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets were not included in these studies, and the majority of the combination oral contraceptives used by women in these studies have higher doses of estrogen than norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets.

These studies suggest that the risk of having breast cancer diagnosed may be slightly increased among current and recent users of combination oral contraceptives; however, these studies do not provide evidence for causation.

The observed pattern of increased risk of breast cancer diagnosis may be due to earlier detection of breast cancer in combination oral contraceptive users, the biological effects of combination oral contraceptives, or a combination of reasons.

The risk appears to decrease over time after combination oral contraceptive discontinuation, and by 10 years after cessation of combination oral contraceptive use, the additional risk disappears.

The risk does not appear to increase with duration of use and no consistent relationships have been found with age at first use or doses studied or type of steroid.

Most studies show a similar pattern of risk with combination oral contraceptive use regardless of a woman’s reproductive history or her family breast cancer history.

Breast cancers diagnosed in current or previous combination oral contraceptive users tend to be less clinically advanced than in nonusers.

Women who currently have or have had breast cancer should not use oral contraceptives because breast cancer is a hormonally-sensitive tumor.

Some studies suggest that oral contraceptive use has been associated with an increase in the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in some populations of women.

However, there continues to be controversy about the extent to which such findings may be due to differences in sexual behavior and other factors.

4.

Hepatic Neoplasia Benign hepatic adenomas are associated with oral contraceptive use, although the incidence of benign tumors is rare in the United States.

Indirect calculations have estimated the attributable risk to be in the range of 3.3 cases/100,000 for users, a risk that increases after 4 or more years of use.

Rupture of rare, benign, hepatic adenomas may cause death through intra-abdominal hemorrhage.

Studies from Britain have shown an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in long-term (>8 years) oral contraceptive users.

However, these cancers are extremely rare in the US, and the attributable risk (the excess incidence) of liver cancers in oral contraceptive users approaches less than one per million users.

5.

Ocular Lesions There have been clinical case reports of retinal thrombosis associated with the use of oral contraceptives.

Oral contraceptives should be discontinued if there is unexplained partial or complete loss of vision; onset of proptosis or diplopia; papilledema; or retinal vascular lesions.

Appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be undertaken immediately.

6.

Oral Contraceptive Use Before and During Early Pregnancy Extensive epidemiological studies have revealed no increased risk of birth defects in women who have used oral contraceptives prior to pregnancy.

Studies also do not suggest a teratogenic effect, particularly insofar as cardiac anomalies and limb reduction defects are concerned, when taken inadvertently during early pregnancy The administration of oral contraceptives to induce withdrawal bleeding should not be used as a test for pregnancy.

Oral contraceptives should not be used during pregnancy to treat threatened or habitual abortion.

It is recommended that for any patient who has missed two consecutive periods, pregnancy should be ruled out before continuing oral contraceptive use.

If the patient has not adhered to the prescribed schedule, the possibility of pregnancy should be considered at the time of the first missed period.

Oral contraceptive use should be discontinued if pregnancy is confirmed.

7.

Gallbladder Disease Earlier studies have reported an increased lifetime relative risk of gallbladder surgery in users of oral contraceptives and estrogens.

More recent studies, however, have shown that the relative risk of developing gallbladder disease among oral contraceptive users may be minimal.

The recent findings of minimal risk may be related to the use of oral contraceptive formulations containing lower hormonal doses of estrogens and progestogens.

8.

Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolic Effects Oral contraceptives have been shown to cause glucose intolerance in a significant percentage of users.

Oral contraceptives containing greater than 75 mcg of estrogens cause hyperinsulinism, while lower doses of estrogen cause less glucose intolerance.

Progestogens increase insulin secretion and create insulin resistance, this effect varying with different progestational agents.

However, in the non-diabetic woman, oral contraceptives appear to have no effect on fasting blood glucose.

Because of these demonstrated effects, prediabetic and diabetic women should be carefully observed while taking oral contraceptives.

A small proportion of women will have persistent hypertriglyceridemia while on the pill.

As discussed earlier (see , 1a .

and 1d .), changes in serum triglycerides and lipoprotein levels have been reported in oral contraceptive users.

9.

Elevated Blood Pressure An increase in blood pressure has been reported in women taking oral contraceptives and this increase is more likely in older oral contraceptive users and with continued use.

Data from the Royal College of General Practitioners and subsequent randomized trials have shown that the incidence of hypertension increases with increasing concentrations of progestogens.

Women with a history of hypertension or hypertension-related diseases or renal disease should be encouraged to use another method of contraception.

If women elect to use oral contraceptives, they should be monitored closely, and if significant elevation of blood pressure occurs, oral contraceptives should be discontinued.

For most women, elevated blood pressure will return to normal after stopping oral contraceptives, and there is no difference in the occurrence of hypertension among ever and never users.

10.

Headache The onset or exacerbation of migraine or development of headache with a new pattern which is recurrent, persistent, or severe requires discontinuation of oral contraceptives and evaluation of the cause.

11.

Bleeding Irregularities Breakthrough bleeding and spotting are sometimes encountered in patients on oral contraceptives, especially during the first three months of use.

Non-hormonal causes should be considered, and adequate diagnostic measures taken to rule out malignancy or pregnancy in the event of prolonged breakthrough bleeding, as in the case of any abnormal vaginal bleeding.

If pathology has been excluded, time or a change to another formulation may solve the problem.

In the event of amenorrhea, pregnancy should be ruled out.

Some women may encounter post-pill amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, especially when such a condition was pre-existent.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

8.

Drug Interactions Effects of Other Drugs on Oral Contraceptives Rifampin: Metabolism of both norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol is increased by rifampin.

A reduction in contraceptive effectiveness and increased incidence of breakthrough bleeding and menstrual irregularities have been associated with concomitant use of rifampin.

Anticonvulsants: Anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine, have been shown to increase the metabolism of ethinyl estradiol and/or norethindrone, which could result in a reduction in contraceptive effectiveness.

Antibiotics: Pregnancy while taking oral contraceptives has been reported when the oral contraceptives were administered with antimicrobials such as ampicillin, tetracycline, and griseofulvin.

However, clinical pharmacokinetic studies have not demonstrated any consistent effect of antibiotics (other than rifampin) on plasma concentrations of synthetic steroids.

Atorvastatin: Coadministration of atorvastatin and an oral contraceptive increased AUC values for norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol by approximately 30% and 20%, respectively.

St.

John’s Wort: Herbal products containing St.

John’s Wort (hypericum perforatum) may induce hepatic enzymes (cytochrome P450) and p-glycoprotein transporter and may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

This may also result in breakthrough bleeding.

Other: Ascorbic acid and acetaminophen may increase plasma ethinyl estradiol concentrations, possibly by inhibition of conjugation.

A reduction in contraceptive effectiveness and increased incidence of breakthrough bleeding has been suggested with phenylbutazone.

Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Other Drugs Oral contraceptive combinations containing ethinyl estradiol may inhibit the metabolism of other compounds.

Increased plasma concentrations of cyclosporine, prednisolone, and theophylline have been reported with concomitant administration of oral contraceptives.

In addition, oral contraceptives may induce the conjugation of other compounds.

Decreased plasma concentrations of acetaminophen and increased clearance of temazepam, salicylic acid, morphine, and clofibric acid have been noted when these drugs were administered with oral contraceptives.

OVERDOSAGE

Serious ill effects have not been reported following acute ingestion of large doses of oral contraceptives by young children.

Overdosage may cause nausea, and withdrawal bleeding may occur in females.

NON-CONTRACEPTIVE HEALTH EFFECTS The following non-contraceptive health benefits related to the use of oral contraceptives are supported by epidemiological studies which largely utilized oral contraceptive formulations containing estrogen doses exceeding 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol or 0.05 mg of mestranol.

Effects on menses: Increased menstrual cycle regularity Decreased blood loss and decreased incidence of iron deficiency anemia Decreased incidence of dysmenorrhea Effects related to inhibition of ovulation: Decreased incidence of functional ovarian cysts Decreased incidence of ectopic pregnancies Effects from long-term use: Decreased incidence of fibroadenomas and fibrocystic disease of the breast Decreased incidence of acute pelvic inflammatory disease Decreased incidence of endometrial cancer Decreased incidence of ovarian cancer

DESCRIPTION

Tilia™ Fe is a graduated estrophasic providing estrogen in a graduated sequence over a 21-day period with a constant dose of progestogen.

Tilia™ Fe provides for a continuous dosage regimen consisting of 21 oral contraceptive tablets and 7 ferrous fumarate tablets.

The ferrous fumarate tablets are present to facilitate ease of drug administration via a 28-day regimen, are non-hormonal, and do not serve any therapeutic purpose.

Each white tablet contains 1 mg norethindrone acetate, (17α) 17-(acetyloxy)-19-norpregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, and 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol, (17α)-19-norpregna-1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol.

The inactive ingredients present are anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polacrillin potassium, and povidone.

Each light-green tablet contains 1 mg norethindrone acetate and 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol.

The inactive ingredients present are anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polacrillin potassium, and povidone.

The light-green tablets also contain D&C Yellow #10 and FD&C Blue #1.

Each green tablet contains 1 mg norethindrone acetate and 35 mcg ethinyl estradiol.

The inactive ingredients present are anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polacrillin potassium, and povidone.

The green tablets also contain D&C Yellow #10 and FD&C Blue #1.

The structural formulas are as follows: Norethindrone Acetate C 22 H 28 O 3 M.W.

340.46 Ethinyl Es tradiol C 20 H 24 O 2 M.W.

296.4 Each inactive, brown tablet contains microcrystalline cellulose, ferrous fumarate, magnesium stearate and sodium starch glycolate.

Ferrous fumarate tablets are not USP for dissolution and assay.

Each dispenser of Tilia™ Fe, contains 5 white tablets, 7 light-green tablets, 9 green tablets, and 7 brown tablets.

These tablets are to be taken in the following order: one white tablet each day for five days, then one light-green tablet each day for seven days, followed by one green tablet each day for nine days, and then one brown tablet each day for seven days.

Structural formulas of Norethindrone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol

HOW SUPPLIED

Tilia™ Fe (norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP and ferrous fumarate tablets*) is available in a 28 Tablet Dispenser, arranged in 3 rows of 7 active tablets and 1 row of 7 inert tablets, as follows: Five active, white, hexagonal tablets (each contain 1 mg of norethindrone acetate and 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol) debossed with WATSON on one side and 0140 on the other side.

Seven active, light-green, hexagonal tablets (each contain 1 mg of norethindrone acetate and 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol) debossed with WATSON on one side and 0141 on the other side.

Nine active, green, hexagonal tablets (each contain 1 mg of norethindrone acetate and 35 mcg of ethinyl estradiol) debossed with WATSON on one side and 0142 on the other side.

Seven inert, brown, round tablets (each contain 75 mg ferrous fumarate) debossed with WATSON 075 on one side.

One (1) dispenser of 28 tablets NDC 54868-6274-0 Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F).

[See USP controlled room temperature.] Manufactured By: Watson Laboratories, Inc.

Corona, CA 92880 USA Distributed By: Watson Pharma, Inc.

Corona, CA 92880 USA Issued: August 2010 192205-2 Relabeling and Repackaging by: Physicians Total Care, Inc.

Tulsa, OK 74146

GERIATRIC USE

14.

Geriatric Use This product has not been studied in women over 65 years of age and is not indicated in this population.

INFORMATION FOR THE PATIENT See Patient Labeling printed below

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Tilia™ Fe is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use oral contraceptives as a method of contraception.

Tilia™ Fe is indicated for the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris in females, ≥15 years of age, who have no known contraindications to oral contraceptive therapy, desire oral contraception, have achieved menarche, and are unresponsive to topical anti-acne medications.

Tilia™ Fe should be used for the treatment of acne only if the patient desires an oral contraceptive for birth control and plans to stay on it for at least 6 months.

Oral contraceptives are highly effective for pregnancy prevention.

Table 2 lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for users of combination oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception.

The efficacy of these contraceptive methods, except sterilization, depends upon the reliability with which they are used.

Correct and consistent use of methods can result in lower failure rates.

Table 2 Percentage of Women Experiencing an Unintended Pregnancy During the First Year of Typical Use and the First Year of Perfect Use of Contraception and the Percentage Continuing Use at the End of the First Year (United States).

% of Women Experiencing an Unintended Pregnancy within the First Year of Use % of Women Continuing Use at One Year 3 Emergency Contraceptives Pills: Treatment initiated within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse reduces the risk of pregnancy by at least 75%.

9 Lactational Amenorrhea Method: LAM is a highly effective, temporary method of contraception.

10 Source: Trussell J, The Essentials of Contraception.

In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Stewart F, Cates W, Stewart GK, Kowel D, Guest F, Contraceptive Technology : Seventeenth Revised Edition.

New York NY: Irvington Publishers, 1998.

1 Among typical couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason.

2 Among couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time) and who use it perfectly (both consistently and correctly), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason.

3 Among couples attempting to avoid pregnancy, the percentage who continue to use a method for 1 year.

4 The percentages becoming pregnant in columns (2) and (3) are based on data from populations where contraception is not used and from women who cease using contraception in order to become pregnant.

Among such populations, about 89% become pregnant within one year.

This estimate was lowered slightly (to 85%) to represent the percent who would become pregnant within one year among women now relying on reversible methods of contraception if they abandoned contraception altogether.

5 Foams, creams, gels, vaginal suppositories, and vaginal film.

6 Cervical mucus (ovulation) method supplemented by calendar in the pre-ovulatory and basal body temperature in the post-ovulatory phases.

7 With spermicidal cream or jelly.

8 Without spermicides.

9 The treatment schedule is one dose within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, and a second dose 12 hours after the first dose.

The Food and Drug Administration has declared the following brands of oral contraceptives to be safe and effective for emergency contraception: Ovral ®† (1 dose is 2 white pills), Alesse ®† (1 dose is 5 pink pills), Nordette ®† or Levlen ®† (1 dose is 4 light-orange pills), Lo-Ovral ®† (1 dose is 4 white pills), Triphasil ®† or Tri-Levlen ®† (1 dose is 4 yellow pills).

10 However, to maintain effective protection against pregnancy, another method of contraception must be used as soon as menstruation resumes, the frequency or duration of breastfeeds is reduced, bottle feeds are introduced, or the baby reaches 6 months of age.

Method Typical Use 1 Perfect Use 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) Chance 4 85 85 Spermicides 5 26 6 40 Periodic Abstinence 25 63 Calendar 9 Ovulation Method 3 Symptothermal 6 2 Post-ovulation 1 Cap 7 Parous Women 40 26 42 Nulliparous Women 20 9 56 Sponge Parous Women 40 20 42 Nulliparous Women 20 9 56 Diaphragm 7 20 6 56 Withdrawal 19 4 Condom 8 Female (Reality ®† ) 21 5 56 Male 14 3 61 Pill 5 71 Progestin only 0.5 Combined 0.1 IUD Progesterone T 2.0 1.5 81 Copper T380A 0.8 0.6 78 LNg 20 0.1 0.1 81 Injectable progestogen 0.3 0.3 70 Implants 0.05 0.05 88 Female Sterilization 0.5 0.5 100 Male Sterilization 0.15 0.10 100 Norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets were evaluated for the treatment of acne vulgaris in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, Phase 3, six (28 day) cycle studies.

A total of 295 patients received norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and 296 received placebo.

Mean age at enrollment for both groups was 24 years.

At six months each study demonstrated a statistically significant difference between norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and placebo for mean change from baseline in lesion counts (see Table 3 and Figure 2).

Each study also demonstrated overall treatment success in the investigator’s global evaluation.

Patients with severe androgen excess were not studied.

Table 3: Acne Vulgaris Indication Pooled Data 376-403 and 376-404 Observed Means at Six Months and at Baseline* Intent To Treat Population Norethindrone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets N=296 Placebo N=295 Difference in Counts Between Norethindrone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets and Placebo at Six Months (95% CI)** Number of Lesions Counts % reduction Counts % reduction * Numbers rounded to nearest integer ** Limits for 95% Confidence Interval; not adjusted for baseline differences INFLAMMATORY LESIONS Baseline Mean 29 29 Sixth Month Mean 14 52% 17 41% 3 (± 2) NON-INFLAMMATORY Baseline Mean 44 43 Sixth Month Mean 27 38% 32 25% 5 (± 3.5) TOTAL LESIONS Baseline Mean 74 72 Sixth Month Mean 42 43% 49 32% 7 (± 5) Norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets users who started with about 74 acne lesions had about 42 lesions after 6 months of treatment.

Placebo users who started with about 72 acne lesions had about 49 lesions after the same duration of treatment.

Mean Percent Reduction vs.

Cycle Mean Total Lesion Counts: Norethindrone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets (N = 296) 74 62 56 52 48 46 42 Placebo (N = 295) 72 60 57 55 53 51 49

PEDIATRIC USE

13.

Pediatric Use Safety and efficacy of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets have been established in women of reproductive age.

Safety and efficacy are expected to be the same for postpubertal adolescents under the age of 16 and for users 16 years and older.

Use of this product before menarche is not indicated.

PREGNANCY

11.

Pregnancy Pregnancy Category X.

See CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS sections.

NUSRING MOTHERS

12.

Nursing Mothers Small amounts of oral contraceptive steroids have been identified in the milk of nursing mothers, and a few adverse effects on the child have been reported, including jaundice and breast enlargement.

In addition, oral contraceptives given in the postpartum period may interfere with lactation by decreasing the quantity and quality of breast milk.

If possible, the nursing mother should be advised not to use oral contraceptives but to use other forms of contraception until she has completely weaned her child.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The tablet dispenser has been designed to make oral contraceptive dosing as easy and as convenient as possible.

The tablets are arranged in four rows of seven tablets each, with the days of the week appearing on the tablet dispenser above the first row of tablets.

Note: Each tablet dispenser has been preprinted with the days of the week, starting with Sunday, to facilitate a Sunday-Start regimen.

Six different day label strips have been provided with the Detailed Patient & Brief Summary Patient Package Insert in order to accommodate a Day-1 Start regimen.

If the patient is using the Day-1 Start regimen, she should place the self-adhesive day label strip that corresponds to her starting day over the preprinted days.

Important: The patient should be instructed to use an additional method of protection until after the first week of administration in the initial cycle when utilizing the Sunday-Start regimen.

The possibility of ovulation and conception prior to initiation of use should be considered.

Dosage and Administration for 28-Day Dosage Regimen To achieve maximum contraceptive effectiveness, Tilia™ Fe should be taken exactly as directed and at intervals not exceeding 24 hours.

Tilia™ Fe provides a continuous administration regimen consisting of 21 active tablets of norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol and 7 brown, non-hormone containing tablets of ferrous fumarate.

The ferrous fumarate tablets are present to facilitate ease of drug administration via a 28-day regimen and do not serve any therapeutic purpose.

There is no need for the patient to count days between cycles because there are no “off-tablet days.” A.

Sunday-Start Regimen: The patient begins taking the first white tablet from the top row of the dispenser (labeled Sunday) on the first Sunday after menstrual flow begins.

When menstrual flow begins on Sunday, the first white tablet is taken on the same day.

The patient takes one active tablet daily for 21 days.

The last active (green) tablet in the dispenser will be taken on a Saturday.

Upon completion of all 21 active tablets, and without interruption, the patient takes one brown tablet daily for 7 days.

Upon completion of this first course of tablets, the patient begins a second course of 28-day tablets, without interruption, the next day (Sunday), starting with the Sunday white tablet in the top row.

Adhering to this regimen of one active tablet daily for 21 days, followed without interruption by one brown tablet daily for 7 days, the patient will start all subsequent cycles on a Sunday.

B.

Day-1 Start Regimen: The first day of menstrual flow is Day 1.

The patient places the self-adhesive day label strip that corresponds to her starting day over the preprinted days on the tablet dispenser.

She starts taking one active tablet daily, beginning with the first white tablet in the top row.

After the last active, green tablet (at the end of the third row) has been taken, the patient will then take the brown tablets for a week (7 days).

For all subsequent cycles, the patient begins a new 28 tablet regimen on the eighth day after taking her last active tablet, again starting with the first tablet in the top row after placing the appropriate day label strip over the preprinted days on the tablet dispenser.

Following this regimen of 21 active tablets and 7 inactive, brown tablets, the patient will start all subsequent cycles on the same day of the week as the first course.

Tablets should be taken regularly at the same time each day and can be taken without regard to meals.

It should be stressed that efficacy of medication depends on strict adherence to the dosage schedule.

Special Notes on Administration Menstruation usually begins two or three days, but may begin as late as the fourth or fifth day, after the brown tablets have been started.

In any event, the next course of tablets should be started without interruption.

If spotting occurs while the patient is taking white tablets, continue medication without interruption.

If the patient forgets to take one or more active tablets, the following is suggested: One tablet is missed take tablet as soon as remembered take next tablet at the regular time Two consecutive tablets are missed (Week 1 or Week 2) take two tablets as soon as remembered take two tablets the next day use another birth control method for seven days following the missed tablets Two consecutive tablets are missed (Week 3) Sunday-Start Regimen: take one tablet daily until Sunday discard remaining tablets start new pack of tablets immediately (Sunday) use another birth control method for seven days following the missed tablets Day-1 Start Regimen: discard remaining tablets start new pack of tablets that same day use another birth control method for seven days following the missed tablets Three (or more) consecutive tablets are missed Sunday-Start Regimen: take one tablet daily until Sunday discard remaining tablets start new pack of tablets immediately (Sunday) use another birth control method for seven days following the missed tablets Day-1 Start Regimen: discard remaining tablets start new pack of tablets that same day use another birth control method for seven days following the missed tablets The possibility of ovulation occurring increases with each successive day that scheduled active tablets are missed.

While there is little likelihood of ovulation occurring if only one active tablet is missed, the possibility of spotting or bleeding is increased.

This is particularly likely to occur if two or more consecutive active tablets are missed.

If the patient forgets to take any of the seven brown tablets in week four, those brown tablets that were missed are discarded and one brown tablet is taken each day until the pack is empty.

A back-up birth control method is not required during this time.

A new pack of tablets should be started no later than the eighth day after the last active tablet was taken.

In the rare case of bleeding which resembles menstruation, the patient should be advised to discontinue medication and then begin taking tablets from a new tablet dispenser on the next Sunday or the first day (Day-1) depending on her regimen.

Persistent bleeding which is not controlled by this method indicates the need for re-examination of the patient, at which time nonfunctional causes should be considered.

Use of Oral Contraceptives in the Event of a Missed Menstrual Period If the patient has not adhered to the prescribed dosage regimen, the possibility of pregnancy should be considered after the first missed period and oral contraceptives should be withheld until pregnancy has been ruled out.

If the patient has adhered to the prescribed regimen and misses two consecutive periods, pregnancy should be ruled out before continuing the contraceptive regimen.

After several months on treatment, bleeding may be reduced to a point of virtual absence.

This reduced flow may occur as a result of medication, in which event it is not indicative of pregnancy.

Acne The timing of initiation of dosing with Tilia™ Fe for acne should follow the guidelines for use of Tilia™ Fe as an oral contraceptive.

Consult the section for oral contraceptives.

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BAYER Aspirin 81 MG Delayed Release Oral Tablet http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/bayer-aspirin-81-mg-delayed-release-oral-tablet/ http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/bayer-aspirin-81-mg-delayed-release-oral-tablet/#respond Tue, 05 Nov 2024 16:53:48 +0000 http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/bayer-aspirin-81-mg-delayed-release-oral-tablet/ Continue reading "BAYER Aspirin 81 MG Delayed Release Oral Tablet"]]> Generic Name: ASPIRIN
Brand Name: Bayer Low Dose
  • Substance Name(s):
  • ASPIRIN

WARNINGS

Warnings Reye’s syndrome Children and teenagers who have or are recovering from chicken pox or flu-like symptoms should not use this product.

When using this product, if changes in behavior with nausea and vomiting occur, consult a doctor because these symptoms could be an early sign of Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious illness.

Allergy alert Aspirin may cause a severe allergic reaction which may include: hives facial swelling asthma (wheezing) shock Stomach bleeding warning This product contains an NSAID, which may cause severe stomach bleeding.

The chance is higher if you are age 60 or older have had stomach ulcers or bleeding problems take a blood thinning (anticoagulant) or steroid drug take other drugs containing prescription or nonprescription NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or others) have 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day while using this product take more or for a longer time than directed Do not use if you are allergic to aspirin or any other pain reliever/fever reducer Ask a doctor before use if stomach bleeding warning applies to you you have a history of stomach problems, such as heartburn you have high blood pressure, heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or kidney disease you are taking a diuretic you have asthma Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are taking a prescription drug for gout diabetes arthritis Stop use and ask a doctor if an allergic reaction occurs.

Seek medical right away.

you experience any of the following signs of stomach bleeding: feel faint vomit blood have bloody or black stools have stomach pain that does not get better pain gets worse or lasts more than 10 days redness or swelling is present new symptoms occur ringing in the ears or a loss of hearing occurs If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use.

It is especially important not to use aspirin during the last 3 months of pregnancy unless definitely directed to do so by a doctor because it may cause problems in the unborn child or complications during delivery.

Keep out of reach of children.

In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Uses for the temporary relief of minor aches and pains or as recommended by your doctor.

Because of its delayed action, this product will not provide fast relief of headaches or other symptoms needing immediate relief.

ask your doctor about other uses for Bayer Safety Coated 81 mg Aspirin

INACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Inactive ingredients black iron oxide, brown iron oxide, carnauba wax, corn starch, D&C yellow #10 aluminum lake, FD&C yellow #6 aluminum lake, hypromellose, methacrylic acid copolymer type C, polysorbate 80, powdered cellulose, propylene glycol, shellac, sodium lauryl sulfate, triacetin, triethyl citrate

PURPOSE

Purpose Pain reliever

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

Keep out of reach of children.

In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.

ASK DOCTOR

Ask a doctor before use if stomach bleeding warning applies to you you have a history of stomach problems, such as heartburn you have high blood pressure, heart disease, liver cirrhosis, or kidney disease you are taking a diuretic you have asthma

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Directions drink a full glass of water with each dose adults and children 12 years and over: take 4 to 8 tablets every 4 hours not to exceed 48 tablets in 24 hours unless directed by a doctor children under 12 years: consult a doctor

PREGNANCY AND BREAST FEEDING

If pregnant or breast-feeding, ask a health professional before use.

It is especially important not to use aspirin during the last 3 months of pregnancy unless definitely directed to do so by a doctor because it may cause problems in the unborn child or complications during delivery.

DO NOT USE

Do not use if you are allergic to aspirin or any other pain reliever/fever reducer

STOP USE

Stop use and ask a doctor if an allergic reaction occurs.

Seek medical right away.

you experience any of the following signs of stomach bleeding: feel faint vomit blood have bloody or black stools have stomach pain that does not get better pain gets worse or lasts more than 10 days redness or swelling is present new symptoms occur ringing in the ears or a loss of hearing occurs

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Active ingredient (in each tablet) Aspirin 81 mg (NSAID)* *nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

ASK DOCTOR OR PHARMACIST

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are taking a prescription drug for gout diabetes arthritis

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camphor 4 % / menthol 4 % Topical Ointment http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/camphor-4-menthol-4-topical-ointment/ http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/camphor-4-menthol-4-topical-ointment/#respond Sat, 02 Nov 2024 14:57:57 +0000 http://www.druginteractionchecker.com/camphor-4-menthol-4-topical-ointment/ Continue reading "camphor 4 % / menthol 4 % Topical Ointment"]]>

WARNINGS

Warnings For external use only.

Avoid getting into eyes or on mucous membranes.

If the conditions worsens, or if the symptoms persists for more than 7 days or clears up and occurs again within a few days, discontinue use of this product and consult a doctor.

Do not apply to wounds or damaged skin.

Do not bandage tightly.

OTC – Keep Out of Reach of Children Section Keep out of reach of children.

Other Warnings Use only as directed.

Do not use if pregnant or breastfeeding.

If swallowed, get medical help or contact a poison Control center right away.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Uses For the temporary relief of minor aches and pains of muscles and joints associated with simple backache, arthritis, strains, bruises and sprains, etc.

WARNING AND CAUTIONS

Other Warnings Use only as directed.

Do not use if pregnant or breastfeeding.

If swallowed, get medical help or contact a poison Control center right away.

INACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Inactive Ingredients Caprylyl glycol, cetyl alcohol, chondroitin sulphate, eucalyptus oil, glucosamine sulfate, glycerin, glycol stearate, grape seed oil, C13-14 isoparaffin, Laureth-7, lavender oil, methylsulfonyl-methane (MSM), phenoxyethanol, polyacrylamide, polysorbate-20, sea cucumber extract, sorbic acid, stearyl alcohol, thymol, urea, Vitamin E (tocopheral acetate), water, wintergreen oil.

PURPOSE

Purpose Analgesic (pain relief)

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

OTC – Keep Out of Reach of Children Section Keep out of reach of children.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Directions Adults and children 12 years of age or older: Rub this soothing cream on the affected area not more that 3 to 4 times daily.

Children under the age of 12: Do not use, consult a doctor.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

Active Ingredients (% by weight) Camphor4.0% Menthol 4.0%

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